Youth Violence And The Mass Media Essay Example For Students

Youth Violence And The Mass Media Essay Introduction The problem I am researching is the desensitizing of Americas youth through violence in the mass media, specifically television and video games. I am interested in studying it because as violence on television and the violent content contained in video games has increased, so has youth violence. I want to find if the increasing violence shown on television and video games has a desensitizing effect on Americas youth, thus, increasing the probability that they will commit an act of violence. I believe that this research is important because I think violence on television and video games is a form of classical conditioning. In the movie, A Clockwork Orange, the character was given negative reinforcement whenever he sees acts of violence shown to him on television. We will write a custom essay on Youth Violence And The Mass Media specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Eventually, he becomes repulsed by it and feels ill every time he sees or thinks of committing an act of violence. I think television and violent games are having a reverse effect on Americas youth. Violence is glorified in the mass media, thus youth become to associate killing with entertainment, they see violence as the manly thing to do, and they see how violence on television often goes unpunished. I feel this is a cause of youth violence because of the desensitizing nature of violence on television. One study showed that network programming averages 36.6 violent acts per hour. Is there any question that this would have a desensitizing effect on Americas youth over time? Literature Review I looked at five other studies that were related to my research. The first was from an article from the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology entitled Video Games and Aggressive Thoughts, Feelings, and Behavior in the Laboratory and in Life by Craig Anderson and Karen Dill. In the article, the effects of violent video games on youths were studied. What was found was that real-life violent video game play was positively related to increased aggressive behavior and delinquency. Also, academic achievement was negatively related to the overall amount of time spent playing games. This study involved two different forms of observation. The short-term effects (laboratory aggression) of the video games was studied using laboratory observation, while the long-term effects (increased delinquency) were studied using surveys. Another study I looked at was an article from the Sociological Spectrum entitled Violence, Morality, and Television Commercials by Brenden Maguire, Diane Sandage, and Georgie Ann Weatherby. This study examined whether violence in television commercials was related to declining morality and rising crime among youths. A content analysis was performed of 1699 commercials shown over sixteen days and evenings in January and February of 1996 and June and July in 1997. What was found that only a small percentage of commercials contained violence and a small number of commercials exhibited behavior or attitudes contrary to conventional moral standards. Maguire et al concluded that although advertisers sponsor programs that feature violence, they do not wish to associate violence with their products. Therefore, commercials have little to effect on the increasing aggressive tendencies of Americas youth. The third article I studied was from the journal, Aggression and Violent Behavior 4, entitled Film Violence and Young Offenders by Amanda Pennell and Kevin Browne. In this article, Pennell and Browne found that screen violence can affect consumer behavior by: imitation of violent roles and aggressive acts; triggering of aggressive impulses in predisposed individuals; desensitizing feelings of sympathy towards victims; creating indifference towards use of violence; and creating a frame of mind that sees violent acts as socially acceptable responses to stress and frustration. Pennell and Browne found young offenders like violent videos because of their aggressive backgrounds and behavioral tendencies, but concluded that whether such tastes in film reinforce violent behavior and increasing frequency of aggressive acts is debatable. The methodology used in this study was laboratory observation, with each youth being shown a violent video and their immediate reaction as well as their impr ession of the video late being noted. The fourth article I used was entitled Cutting Film Violence: Effects on Perceptions, Enjoyment, and Arousal by Mike Berry, Tim Gray, and Ed Donnerstein. .u3e7b2ad78af240163bdc8838df30883e , .u3e7b2ad78af240163bdc8838df30883e .postImageUrl , .u3e7b2ad78af240163bdc8838df30883e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3e7b2ad78af240163bdc8838df30883e , .u3e7b2ad78af240163bdc8838df30883e:hover , .u3e7b2ad78af240163bdc8838df30883e:visited , .u3e7b2ad78af240163bdc8838df30883e:active { border:0!important; } .u3e7b2ad78af240163bdc8838df30883e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3e7b2ad78af240163bdc8838df30883e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3e7b2ad78af240163bdc8838df30883e:active , .u3e7b2ad78af240163bdc8838df30883e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3e7b2ad78af240163bdc8838df30883e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3e7b2ad78af240163bdc8838df30883e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3e7b2ad78af240163bdc8838df30883e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3e7b2ad78af240163bdc8838df30883e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3e7b2ad78af240163bdc8838df30883e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3e7b2ad78af240163bdc8838df30883e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3e7b2ad78af240163bdc8838df30883e .u3e7b2ad78af240163bdc8838df30883e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3e7b2ad78af240163bdc8838df30883e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: American identity Essay This article was taken from the Journal of Social Psychology. This study investigated the effects of cutting specific graphic scenes .

Succeeding as an African Student at Michigan Tech and Beyond Essays

Succeeding as an African Student at Michigan Tech and Beyond Essays Succeeding as an African Student at Michigan Tech and Beyond The African student organization hosted a panel discussion with professors, graduate, and undergraduate students, which I attended and really liked. The event was entitled Succeeding as an African Student at Michigan Tech and Beyond and occurred on October 10th, in Fisher 104. African students were invited to share and get information regarding the African experience throughout higher education in the United States. The panelists sat in front of the room and started by sharing their stories. They told the audience where they had been (in terms of schools), what difficulties they encountered in adapting, staying motivated, and culture shock. Afterwards, graduate students and professors proceeded to explain strategies to go about graduate school, such as being close to adviser, avoiding to get involved in conflicts inside the department, working as hard as possible because Africans may not be judged on same standards, taking care of documents to remain lawfully in the country, etc. Finally, they started to answers the audiences questions in debate-like fashion. The event was highly productive and informative, but it was the less formal tone, which made it a special event. Since all of the people present were African there was a sense familiarity, which broke any ice standing in the way. Everybody seemed confortable and asked innumerous questions leading to an extension of the event, which ended around 45 minutes past its expected time. The down side was that even though a significant number of students were there, it could have benefited more people had they attended. It may have a been a matter of under advertising or simply a matter of lack interest by the general African student community, but the event had the potential to enrich many more peoples academic and social experience in the U.S. Also, it could have been slightly longer since the discussions were so highly beneficial.

Module of Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Module of Evaluation - Essay Example David Malan talks of the skill of HP Hildebrand when he was appointed to the famous London Clinic of Psychoanalysis back in 1963 (Malan 44). He barred from treatment (by trainees) any person with a severe suicidal attempt, signs of chronic alcoholism and drug addiction, long periods of hospitalisation, and more than one type of ECT, serious incapacitating phobia and OCD, any homosexual longing tobecome heterosexual, or someone with abominably destructive performing out. The fall out rate dropped from 60 percent to 10 percent. Discussion Innovative advances in psychotherapy field have improved its effectiveness and usefulness however, patient variables remain a significant, some may say the greatest, the determinant of the outcome. It has confirmed hard to study; studies and research that are more current are specially sparse and only accessible at a fee (many of them require a book sale or a subscription to a particular journal) or in universal psychiatry journals. Therefore, I have decided to go back on the 1979 piece â€Å"assessment for patients of Psychotherapy† of Sydney Bloch 2 for a bigger view. Adapted from his piece is a list of exclusions that comprise organic brain syndrome, the Bipolar and severe depression. Others are Schizophrenia, the severe Personality disorder (like sociopathic or narcissistic and paranoid), drug or alcohol infatuation, Hypochondriacal or somatisation particularly if alexothymic, like a cure for sexual ‘deviation’ or too distrustful and incompetent cognitively and intolerant of frustration, without impulse control, ‘inhibited, constantly fatigued or submissive’. Those he thought benefited more were those with: rational level in personality integration, the motivation for change and realistic expectation of healing process or psychological mindedness, at slightest average intelligence, average ‘neurosis’ and Personality disorders or strong affect and felt dissatisfaction, life situat ion without any unresolved previous problems (Wolberg 23). The Ego is belived to come from the dissatisfaction of the ID’s drives and the wishes by the external reality (also, it later deals with fault by the Super ego that is belived to come from resolution of oedipal complex). If all the patients have the ability to satisfy their needs maturely, (change in work, love or play to use the George Valiant’s ideas). These ideas are to postpone gratification, cope up with adversity, think and reason logically about the problems or problem solve, and then relate to reality with extra mature ego defence mechanism, they are believed to have excellent ego strength and are much favourable customers for Psychotherapy. The disapproval levelled at therapists was that they excempted those most in requirement of assistance. In his 1964 manuscript â€Å"Psychotherapy the purchase friendship† William Schofield is important of the then inclination of psychotherapists to focus on patients that are more attractive and coined the word YAVIS: Young, then attractive, then verbal, then Intelligent, Successful, others have added second S for ‘similar’. To rephrase Malan and several others, this was not too diverse from other sectors of medicine (particularly at the time) when ill patients with several and severe conditions were regularly excempted from particular procedures medical, the surgical and anesthetic,

Leadership + Economics of Regulation + Ethics and Organizational Essay

Leadership + Economics of Regulation + Ethics and Organizational Structure - Essay Example a. Employees typically resist a change that they believe will take away something of value. A proposed change in technology, job design or structure may lead to a real or perceived loss of pay, power, prestige or company benefits. (Daft 381-383) The fear of personal loss felt by employees is perhaps the greatest obstacle to organizational change and since larger organizations have a greater number of employees who feel endangered the resistance to change is far greater than the one usually experienced in smaller organizations. b. Lack of trust and understanding also has a magnified impact in larger organizations. Employees very often do not understand the intended reason behind a change and very often mistrust the intentions behind it (Daft 381-383). Having a greater number of people in this case magnifies the air of mistrust and creates further roadblocks to change. c. The uncertainty that every change brings with itself also plays a major role in the resistance to change displayed by employees of a large organization. For employees change means uncertainty and that bring out in them a fear of the unknown. Employees worry about whether they will be able to meet the demands of a new technology or a new procedure (Daft 381-383). The greater the number of uncertain employees, the greater will be the resistance to change. Leadership plays a very important role in the design and the regular updating of an organization’s organizational architecture. It is the leadership style of the leader that determines the organizational logic and the whole purpose of an organizational structure update is to ensure that the organizational chart of the organization accurate reflects how the stake holders in the organization actually work together. So if the leadership style of the leader is autocratic the organizational architecture should reflect it and if the leadership style of the leader is democratic then the organizational architecture should reflect it as

Biography of Nikola Tesla Annotated Bibliography

Biography of Nikola Tesla - Annotated Bibliography Example Nikola Tesla’s parents had migrated from Serbia to Croatia. His father was a priest, philosopher, and poet. The mental training that Nikola’s father gave him by making him do mathematical calculations without using a pen or paper was his initiation into the field of science. And his mother had â€Å"come from a family of inventors†. Nikola also made his first invention when he was a child of age five when he made himself a fishing hook and caught frogs. When Nokola was seven years old, his family went back to Serbia. In the new town, he became an instant hero as he repaired a newly modeled firefighting equipment which had failed to function on its first demonstration before the public. After his school years, Tesla decided to become an electrical engineer and joined Graz Polytechnic Institute in Austria. During his studies, one of his professors had demonstrated a dynamo which can produce direct current electricity and which was invented by Thomas Alva Edison, in the class. After watching the functioning of a dynamo, when Tesla opined that it might be possible to create an alternate current manufacturing motor, his professor refuted this idea as impossible. After a while, with the support of his father, he joined the University of Prague. But after one term was over, he left this course also and joined the telegraph department. While walking in the city park with a friend, the design of the ac motor suddenly came to his mind like a flash of lightning.

Transportation System Analysis Of Sri Lanka Tourism Essay

Transportation System Analysis Of Sri Lanka Tourism Essay 1. Canal transportation system was the most effective and popular transportation system in the world as well as in Sri Lanka before the road transportation by vehicles. During Dutch era they developed advance canal transportation system and used very effective and efficient way to fulfill their requirements. 2. As a result of the industrialization, automobile industry and road network systems developed concurrently all over the world and it affected Sri Lanka as well. With that the road transportation became very popular. Due to the fact that it is very efficient compare to canal transportation and ability to reach any required destinations. 3. In the same time population of the world also increased gradually. Due to this peoples life style became complex and requirements increased. In the mean time urbanization was taken place with industrialization. This has affected to Sri Lanka and caused greater influence after the introduction of open economy. Because of these reasons road network system reached its maximum capacity. After that development and expansion of roads were impossible especially in Colombo city area. But vehicle density on to the same existing roads was become more and more. As a result of this, road traffic increased drastically. This caused wastage of time on roads directly affecting productivity of our country. 4. Answer to time wastage on roads was introduction of canal transportation system with existing infrastructure. And how to initialize this facility in scientific way will be discussed in this research. Also it was evident that the existing canal system could be utilized in very efficient way to afore said requirement. Finally it was found out that wastage of time in Colombo city area can be minimized by using existing canal system with some limitation. III CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 5. Thousands of people used to come from various places of the country to Colombo for different purposes. They waste lot of valuable and useful time on the way due to limitation of transport facilities and complex road network system existing at present. 25. The available highways are not able cater new coming vehicle to the roads and leads to wastage of time up to greatest extended. These roads are highly jammed during office and school time. Therefore it has to be eased up by canal transportation to reduce time and spending minimal expense and available resources. It is important to make the best use of existing infrastructure in preference to expansion, wherever practicable. 6. During recent past Sri Lanka had good water bone transport system available in Colombo area for transport men and material. This was very much significant during Dutch era. Therefore, it is evident that this method can be utilized even at present days with little modification to existing water ways. 7. In this research it is expected to prove that traffic conjunction in Colombo, can be over come by using existing canals system and can be minimize time wastage on roads. By using this existing canal system effective and efficient way, we can reduce the time for transportation in Colombo city. CHAPTER II METHODOLOGY STUDY AREA 8. The study area is identified and methodology employed for data collection to carry out to research on field visits and investigations, boat rides and collect relevant data, talking to Naval Personnel, people around the canals and bus passengers, data from the Navy. 9. The study area is demarcated from Kiralapone canal which starts from Diyawanna Oya and feeding from Kotte canal. This Kiralapone canal flows and diverts into two and created Heen Ela from Rajagirya, then 1km down below it is created one more branch and made Dematagoda canal and Kiralapone canal flows further and again making two branches at Havelock town and continue to Wellawatta and other one continue till Dehiwalla. The research was conducted by using cleared area of Wellawatta to Nawala canal. During site visits in two occasions, the following details are gathered and most of the measurements taken the Naval team available at the Canals. The Salient features are as follows. a. Length From Wellawatta to Nawala 1.8km b. Width 9 meters (mean Value) c. Depth 2.1 meters at high tide condition d. Special feature At rains no tide difference take place SCOPE 10. The canal transportation will reduce time and lead to ease up the road traffic at city centre, minimize pollution and helps to reduce respiratory deceases, attracts tourists to the city and make new ventures like boat building industry. 11. This congested canals should be converted into scenic beauty for the city, avoid flood taking place at city centre and protect flora and fauna belongs to these area. The recreational purposes also can be achieved and it will support make health people at the city. This is one of the great opportunities to develop a social integration plan to evaluate living personals close to the canal area by them selves to value their life style. Another added advantage is to promote fishing among the people around the area. PROBLEM STATEMENT 12. The available highways and road network system unable to cater new coming vehicle to the roads and leads to create heavy road traffic and hence it has happened to waste lots of time at the Colombo City. HYPOTHESIS 13. Time factor can be reduced by using canal transportation spending minimal expense, with available resources and the best use of existing infrastructure. GENERAL OBJECTIVES 14. During the research it is expected to find out that usage of canal for transportation will reduce time to move point A to point B, where canals are available. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES 15. As a result of this canal transportation will reduce traffic congestion, improve environment condition either side of the canal, develop the boat industry and related other employment opportunities and improvement of this canal will help the reducing the flood affect in Colombo city. CHAPTER III BACKGROUND 16. The good olden days canals were used for cultivation and irrigation work. The first recorded canal was built in Mesopotamia circa 4000 BC or modern day Iraq and Syria. The Indus Valley Civilization in Pakistan and North India (circa 2600 BC) had sophisticated irrigation and storage systems developed, including the reservoirs built at Garner in 3000 BC. In Egypt, canals date back at least to the time of Pepi I Meryre (reigned 2332-2283 BC), who ordered a canal built to bypass the cataract on the Nile near Aswan. 17. In ancient China, large canals for river transport were established as far back as the Warring States (481-221 BC), the longest one of that period being the Hong Gou (Canal of the Wild Geese), which according to the ancient historian Sima Qian connected the old states of Song, Zhang, Chen, Cai, Cao, and Wei. By far the longest canal was the Grand Canal of China, still the longest canal in the world today. It is 1,794  kilometres (1,115  miles) long and was built to carry the Emperor Yang Guang between Beijing and Hangzhou. The project began in 605 and was completed in 609, although much of the work combined older canals, the oldest section of the canal existing since at least 486 BC. Even in its narrowest urban sections it is rarely less than 30  metres (98  ft) wide  [1]  . 18. Canals were important for the industrial development. Thats why the greatest stimulus to canal systems came from the Industrial Revolution with its need for cheap transport of raw materials and manufactured items. 19. In Europe, particularly Britain and Ireland, and then in the young United States and the Canadian colonies, inland canals preceded the development of railroads during the earliest phase of the Industrial Revolution. The opening of the Sankey Canal in 1757, followed by the Bridgewater Canal in 1761, which halved the price of coal in Liverpool and Manchester, respectively, triggered a period of canal mania in Britain so that between 1760 and 1820 over one hundred canals were built. 20. The history of canal transportation in Colombo City was started in Dutch era. It was exclusively used to transport goods from hinterland to coastal area by Paru (Small Vessel driven by manpower). This tremendous and environmental friendly transportation system is still used some areas of the country in smaller scale. 21. After industrial revolution auto mobile transportation system became popular and with that development of road network system also took place. Presently number of vehicles increased but road network system became limited due to space problem. This causes the traffic congestion especially in Colombo city and as a result, people waste their valuable and useful time in between their destinations. To overcome this problem it can be used existing canal system for transportation men and material in Colombo city. 22. Except Kirullapana Wellawatta canal, rest of the canals are still being used for water draining system of the Colombo city. However, recent past none of these canals have being properly maintained. Presently Sri Lanka Navy is undertaking to clean the Wellawatta canal, Dehiwella canal and Dematagoda canal. 23. The Japan Jabara is the main dilemma which need permanent solution and should be removed 100% from the canals. If not it may leads to suspend operation due sudden engine failures  [2]  . 24. The passenger transportation by boats in canal will reduce time and road traffic congestion at Colombo city. Also this may help cargo transportation by canal reducing road traffic in the city centre. Lt WPHE WIJAYALATH Index No : 10680 CHAPTER IV DATA 25. The available highways are not able cater new coming vehicle to the roads and leads to wastage of time up to greatest extended. These roads are highly jammed during office and school time. Therefore it has to be eased up by canal transportation to reduce time and spending minimal expense and available resources. It is important to make the best use of existing infrastructure in preference to expansion, wherever practicable. 26. In Colombo city traffic congestion depends upon place to place. Therefore it is important that identify those roads and get the overall picture about traffic congestion and use available canal system to minimize the time in effective way.Traffic congestion roads are identified and details indicated down below. a. Galle road congestion is intensified after Moratuwa and stagnated after Dehiwala b. High level road congestion is intensified after Maharagama and stagnated after Nugagoda. c. Low level road congestion is intensified after Kaduwela and stagnated after Kotikawatta. d. Kaduwela road congestion is intensified after Malaba and stagnated after Battaramulla. e. Kandy road congestion is intensified after Kadawatha and stagnated after Kiribathgoda. f. Negambo road congestion is intensified after Welisara and stagnated after Wattle. 29. Traffic data Traffic data within the canal corridor was taken from Road Development Authority (RDA) and it is tabulated below. LOCATION Daily Traffic 2002 2003 2005 2010(projected) Dominos Pizza Sri Jpura Rd 59408 61321 68957 85487 Open University Nawala Rd 29734 30660 34548 44648 Wall Tiles Narahenpita 20234 20770 23903 32705 Apollo Hospital Baseline Rd 23849 24632 30059 36813 Weaving Mills Havelock Rd 48968 50273 56241 67309 Wellawatte Bridge Galle Rd 51298 52937 56941 60311 Table 1 Chart 1 39. Time taken to travel from Wellawatta to Diyawanna by various vehicles, within special time periods during a day. VEHICLE SPECIAL TIME PERIODS OF THE DAY 0630-0830hrs 0830-1600hrs 1600-1800hrs Public transport(bus) 1hrs 15min 1hrs 1hrs 30min Official transport(van) 45min 35min 50min Personnel vehicle(car) 45min 35min 50min Motor bike 35min 30min 40min 41. Time taken to travel from Wellawatta to Nawala by various vehicles, within special time periods during a day. VEHICLE SPECIAL TIME PERIODS OF THE DAY 0630-0830hrs 0830-1600hrs 1600-1800hrs Public transport(bus) 1hrs 50min 1hrs 10min Official transport(van) 50min 40min 1hrs Personnel vehicle(car) 50min 40min 1hrs Motor bike 40min 30min 45min CANALS AND DETAILS 30. Wellawatte Canal The canal 1.8 km in length, and 25 meters wide and the banks are strengthening by Gabion Boxes, Steel sheets and Masonry wall. The open side to the sea is protected by two jetties preventing the formation of a sandbar. Some times canal mouth is stuck by sand due monsoons rains and wind. However it is not created flood hazard for the city centre. On other way this is the most important path way to discharge and regulate water when flood occurred at the City. The canal passes through a residential area and giving fabulous scenic beauty to residence over there. This is fully cleaned and dredged by the Navy and transportation is taking place by the Naval Dingy Boats. Details are as follows. a. Morning starts from Wellawatta 0730 hrs to 0930 hrs b. Evening starts at Open University, Nawala 1600 hrs to 1800 hrs c. FGD (Fiber Glass Dingy) is propelled by 40 Horse Power of Out Board Motors (OBM) using to transport 08 passengers at a time. d. 2.4 liters of fuel burns for the Journey e. Depth of water at centre 2.1 meters at high tide f. People around area are highly supporting the project and putting garbage to the canal is very minimal at the moment. 35. Dehiwalla Canal The canal 3.7 km in length, and 10 meters wide and the banks are strengthening by Gabion Boxes, Steel sheets and Masonry wall. The surrounding area is highly polluted and after putting tremendous effort by the Navy 3.2 km totally cleaned up to 01st July 2010 and rest of the distance in progress. Details are as follows. a. Depth of water at centre 2.7 meters at high tide (as per 01st July 2010) b. Cleaning is taking placed from both the side of the canal. Banks should be strengthen in some places 38. Dematagoda Canal -The canal 8.6 km in length, and 10 meters wide and the banks are strengthening by Gabion Boxes, Steel sheets and Masonry wall. This is already cleaned up to Royal Park by the Navy. TIME TAKEN TO TRAVEL BY BOAT FROM TO TIME DURATION Wellawatta Nawala 15 min Wellawatta Diyawanna(Battaramulla) 30 min 40. Approximately Rs. 26.00 will cost to travel from Wellawatta to Diyawanna (Baththaramulla) and Wellawatta to Nawala Rs. 22.00 by public transport (bus) according to present condition. DETAILS ABOUT CANALS Under mentioned details of canals also have to consider to improve time and to continue with transportation. 31. Work Scope and Action Plan for the Rehabilitation / Maintenance of Wellawatta Canal 32. General Details are as follows. a. Total length : 1.8 km b. Side wall height from water line 5-7 c. Depth of water at center 1 meter at low tide condition d. Width 8 to 10 meters e. Middle of the canal itself and surrounding area was highly polluted and congested and cleaned by the Sri Lanka Navy. 34. Renovating and cleaning is in progressed and contributing lot from the Navy. a. Vegetation is already removed by the Navy and cleaned the surroundings more 90%. Japan Jabara was removed and two branches of Bodi trees at the banks should be sharpened up to avoid disturbance while boats moving. Dredging should be done very sensitive and systematic way considering tide factor. d. Gabion boxes are not the must for each and every place of the banks and ensure to get expert advice from the civil engineers on this matter and renovation should be done accordingly. 36. Work Scope and Action Plan for the Rehabilitation / Maintenance of Dehiwala Canal General Details are as follows. a. Total length 3.7 km b. Side wall height from water line 5-7 c. Depth of water at centre 2 3 d. Width 8 to 10 meters e. Middle of the canal itself and surrounding area is highly polluted and congested and Navy is almost cleaned 3.2 km up to 01st July 2010. 37. Renovating and cleaning is in progressed by Navy team. Need to be removed vegetation at banks. Transfer removed vegetation from the site. c. Take out and transfer floating garbage at the middle of the canal by Floating JCB (Backhoe loader) or Pontoon JCB. Dredging should be done very sensitive and systematic way considering tide factor. Gabion boxes are not the must for each and every place of the banks and ensure to get expert advice from the civil engineers on this matter and renovation should be done accordingly. MISCELLANEOUS FACTORS 26. The boat and height factor of the bridges to be highly considered when concidering time and required to go through following tabulated details. Bridge Minimum Vertical Clearance in meters Rainy Days At High Tide At Low Tide Ethul Kotte Pizza 0.9 2.56 2.85 Water Line Kotte Above 3 meters Above 4-5 meters Above 4-5 meters Open University Gate No -01 0.5 1.7 2 Open University Gate No -02 0.4 1.8 2.1 Railway Bridge Above 3 meters Above 5 meters Above 5 meters Baseline Road at Polhangoda 0.6 meters 2 2.2 Havlock Town Bridge 0.8 2.1 2.3 Duplication Road Bridge 2 3 3.3 Gall Road Above 3 meters Above 4 meters Above 4 meters Note This was for Fiber Glass Dingy and More capacity boat clearance will be lesser than this and give endanger for passengers in high tide conditions. In rainy days this will able to work out. BUS PASSENGERS INTERVIEW 43. The bus passengers interview were carried out to identify bus passengers travel patterns and transferring locations including office and school time. And also to whether they are ready take up new transport mode or not. The details were gathered from people at the bus stops and the stands. Survey Location Number of Passengers Remarks Wellawatta 5 Ready to go by boat Havlock Town 10 Ready to go by boat Nawala 10 Ready to go by boat Rajagiriya 5 Ready to go by boat Battaramulla 5 Ready to go by boat Base line road 6 Ready to go by boat PRESENT DEVELOPMENTS 25. The Sri Lanka Navy is started the commuter service for Open University students for free of cost by using Fibre Glass Dingy from Wellawatta to Nawala. It is already made huge impact to the society and urged people to think on this fabulous environmental friendly transportation service. Due more response from the people of the society, the Navy is trying to enhanced commuter service introducing more capacity for this event. The Navy engineers were already trailed 21 number passenger capacity boats with three different types of (Out Board Motor) OBM and identified the most suitable one. The trail details are as follows. Out Board Motors 115hp 75hp 40hp No of Passengers 21 21 21 Approx. Time taken (From Nawala to Wellawatte) 17 Min 15 Min 15 Min Fuel consumption 6 ltrs 4 ltrs 3 ltrs Average cost (Rs) 35.71 24.76 18.00 TABLE-1 CHAPTER V ANALYSIS 25. According to the hypothesis time taken by canal transportation suppose to be lesser than road transportation. Following data can be use to analyse the condition. From Wellawatta to Diyawanna (Battaramulla) Public transport(bus) 1hrs 15min 1hrs 1hrs 30min Average time taken by bus = (1hrs 15min + 1hrs + 1hrs 30min) 3 = 1 hrs 15min Average time taken by boat = 30 min Time difference = 1hrs 15 min 30 min = 45 min ====== From Wellawatta to Nawala Public transport(bus) 1hrs 50min 1hrs 10min Average time taken by bus = (1hrs + 50 min + 1hrs 10min) 3 = 1 hrs Average time taken by boat = 15 min Time difference = 1hrs- 15min = 45 min ======

The Future of Women in Sports :: Female Athletes Sports Essays

The Future of Women in Sports As the year 2010 has arrived, the problem of the portrayal of women in sports no longer lies in their fight for equality and opportunity, but in fighting off the competition with men. It is no longer an issue of women not being taken seriously or being looked down upon if they decide to be athletes, but that men want to take part in competition with women in sports. This film thus focuses on the struggles that the male protagonist faces in trying to compete with the popularity of women's sports and his desire to take part in the world of women's sports. Women in this film are portrayed as strong characters who are highly capable of doing what they do -- being professional basketball players. Their struggles lay in their dealing with fame and all the complications that it entails. These include rumors of financial problems, affairs, and infighting among teammates. The female protagonist is a character who can "do it all." She has a family, including two young children and a husband. She was raised in a proper household, but held on to her dreams of playing basketball for a living. The beginning of the film shows her struggles as a child in fighting against stereotypes, being taken less seriously than the boys, and being discouraged from playing sports. However, as she reaches high school and beyond, the sky is the limit. Her opportunities increase as women's sports in the general society are given greater emphasis and professional leagues are established for all sports that had an equivalent male league. The women's leagues' visibili ty and popularity rise among fans who become disillusioned with all the infighting that had been occurring in the male leagues. Soon, the financially disadvantaged male leagues decide to challenge the women's leagues to compete against each other. This is where the major climax of the film occurs. The male protagonist had been involved in a financial scheme within the male basketball league which ended in the murder of a major basketball star. He ends up broke, without friends, and with no possibility of playing professional basketball, especially in light of the financial distress that the league was experiencing. He knows of the success that the women's teams had been recently having and approaches the manager of his ex-team with a plan for reviving the popularity and financial wellbeing of the male league.

The Medical Elective Medical Training Health And Social Care Essay

The medical elective is an of import portion of medical preparation and calling. It can besides be an exciting chance to see wellness attention systems of different states and research countries of medical specialty that I have peculiar involvements in. My initial programs are to hold the elected arrangement abroad, ideally in two separate locations. Language is an of import factor in taking the states as I would wish to be able to pass on with the patients and physicians. Out of all the English speech production states, I think it would be an interesting experience to see a less developed state or a less developed part within a developed state. The other half of the elected I would take a developed state and comparison and contrast the two wellness systems. I want the fond regards to be chiefly clinical based as I can use the accomplishments in general medical specialty and other forte I have learnt during the two old ages of clinical preparation. I would non wholly decline the chance to blend in some clinical based research, but I am cognizant that research undertakings may take some clip to organize and may besides necessitate excess resources input, such as permission from patients and aid from other staff, from the finish infirmary and establishments. In footings of safety during travel, although I have travelled to assorted states, but I have ne'er travelled or organised travel on my ain. Safety in footings of personal properties, nutrient and drink and personal safety should be put into consideration. If possible, holding the arrangement with a friend would be ideal. As all the 4th twelvemonth King ‘s medical pupils are traveling on electives this summer, happening a spouse traveling to the same topographic points should be rather possible. Having merely came back from vacation in America, the idea of traveling back for the elective to hold a on the job experience over in the States appeared rather attractive. The US has a really different wellness attention system comparison to the UK. To see their physicians, the patients over in America would necessitate to hold private wellness insurance which can be a really dearly-won payment. It would be interesting to see how the in private funded wellness system impacting patient experience compared to the NHS in the UK. America is a large state and this makes taking the location a spot more hard. To acquire an thought about where usually make medical pupils travel for electives in America, I searched on the Elective Abstract System on Virtual Campus. USA seems to be a really popular state for King ‘s pupils to travel for electives as there is a immense list of infirmary and establishment for all fortes. The popular finishs are the major metropoliss like New York, Los Angeles, San Francisco and etc. Majority of the infirmaries do non accept international pupils for elected straight, a few smaller clinics do, but the cost is really high and they seem to be really specialized. Feedbacks from pupils are besides assorted, most are happy with their experience, but non everyone had a hands-on experience. Access to patients can be a job sometimes in some forte clinics, and most times are spent on detecting. Using to medical schools can besides be hard as a batch of American medical pupil are besides l ooking for elected arrangements and the disposal fee entirely can be $ 100 for the application entirely. After those research and farther idea, I was somewhat put off by the thought of traveling to the States. Alternatively of traveling entirely, it would be a better manner to go with a friend. Culadeeban ( Deeban ) Ratneswaran, another King ‘s 4th medical pupil was looking for a spouse for electives and I have worked with him during my abdominal rotary motion in 3rd twelvemonth. Deeban was in the procedure of organizing a research undertaking about respiratory medical specialty in Singapore which involved some informations aggregation. He needed a spouse to work with on the undertaking and we decided to make the elected arrangements together. We came across a paper written by Dr Deborah Ng and her co-workers, titled: â€Å" consciousness of smoking hazards and attitudes towards in writing wellness warning labels on coffin nail battalions: a cross-cultural survey of two populations in Singapore and Scotland † . We were believing about emulating this survey ourselves, looking into the cross-cultural differences between Singapore and London, alternatively of Scotland. We will utilize a questionnaire attack to roll up the information as oppose to interviews because we want to roll up as much informations as possible while still working on the clinical side of the arrangement during the elected period. We besides emailed Dr Ng on farther advice about her survey and she kindly contacted the caput of respiratory section she was working under in Singapore, Professor Sin Fai Lam. Professor Sin agreed to give us 4 hebdomads arrangement in Khoo Teck Puat Hospital in the respiratory section and at the same clip let us entree to patients for the research undertaking. In order to transport out this undertaking we besides require moralss blessing and this demand to be applied by a qualified physician. We were told that Professor Sin ‘s squad is instead busy and unable to perpetrate their clip for the ethical blessing. We are still committed for the clinical arrangement in Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, and at this phase we are seeking alternate ways to acquire the ethical blessing, perchance from another section or another infirmary. For the 2nd half of the elected, we did non desire to go excessively far out of the parts. This is partially to salvage cost and besides clip spent on travel. So we applied for a few posters in Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia. Hospital Kuala Lumpur kindly accepted our applications for a 4 hebdomad long posting in the general medical specialty section. This would cover a big assortment of medical specialty, and it would be good to hold a broad scope of experience after a really specialized surgical arrangement. I can besides utilize this clip to acquire more experience in fortes that we merely had limited exposure so far, for illustration, ENT, dermatology and ophthalmology. Word Count: 1004Career SectionSelf-assessmentDuring my pre-clinical surveies in Cambridge, I had really limited exposure to existent clinical pattern so I kept an unfastened head about which forte I would wish to prosecute for future calling. I exhaustively enjoyed larning anatomy in first twelvemonth of medical specialty, and peculiarly the clip spent in dissection lab. What appealed to me is that I would read about certain parts of the organic structure and the following twenty-four hours I can hold the hands-on chance to recap the cognition to visualize it in existent life. The clinical survey offered better chances in calling geographic expedition. Throughout the assorted rotary motions, I found surgery fascinating and I ‘m ever enthusiastic to go to theatre Sessionss. Although, as a medical pupil, most of the clip spent in theater is to detect the operations but I was more than lament to scour in to help when asked. I besides enjoyed the type of squad work in surgery where each person has a clearly defined and alone function in the operating theater.Career research geographic expedition and treatmentsThe Medical Specialty Training web site ( 1 ) is a good starting point for callings research as it provides information on all fortes within medical specialty. After medical school, every physician has to travel through two foundation old ages and use for forte preparations, these can be medical, surgical, psychopathology and list of run through fortes. For the surgical fortes, there are two Core Surgical Training old ages to be completed foremost. Then there is another application procedure for the 3rd twelvemonth ( CT3 ) , which is for a sub-specialty, for illustration, cardiothoracic surgery. The competition information shows that surgery is a extremely popular pick, though the competition for other fortes can be every bit ferocious. I have besides attended the Specialty Fair hosted by Royal College of Medicine. It was aimed for both medical pupils and foundation twelvemonth physicians and it had a whole scope of fortes on show. Having talked to a figure of the physicians from assorted fortes, orthopedic surgery peculiarly stood out for me. It is a surgical forte concerned with castanetss, articulations and their motion. It covers both hurt and other diseases, for illustration, congenital and degenerative. I think it can be an highly rewarding calling where I can set patients back after terrible injury or reconstruct independency by alleviating creaky articulation hurting, both can genuinely transform the patient ‘s life. Figure 1. Orthopedic surgery. From www.sussexotc.nhs.uk Having non done the rotary motion for orthopedic surgery and injury, I wanted some early gustatory sensation for the forte and the 2011 National Undergraduate Trauma Conference provided the perfect juncture. The conference gave great penetration into the calling options available in injury and orthopedic surgery. The workshops lead by experient physicians in the field besides allowed the pupil to pattern some of the skilled involved, for illustration, laparoscopy.Using your elected to research your optionsI think the elected period will be an first-class clip to research my country of involvement and callings option. For the first half of my elected in Singapore, I will be passing four hebdomads in the orthopedic section in a really modern infirmary. There are five advisers in the section, all of which are trained in the UK so they will hold a reasonably good apprehension of the degree of preparation I ‘m presently at and what would profit me the most during this poster. By thi s phase I would hold done my orthopedic surgery fond regard, and extra exposure in this field will reinforcement and hopefully farther develop the cognition and accomplishment I already have. I should besides do the most out of this chance to acquire every bit much practical experience as possible in larning the basic surgical techniques and direction of the common instances encountered in orthopedicss. For the 2nd half the elected in Kuala Lumpur, although I ‘m officially posted under general medical specialty, in world the infirmary is really flexible for the elected pupils. The adviser who is oversing me during the poster has no job with elected pupils doing usage of the clip in Hospital Kuala Lumpur to acquire a broad scope of experience.Personal contemplation on calling thoughts/decisions to day of the monthThe big calling pick medical specialty offers makes the determination really hard, particularly most fortes requires drawn-out preparation. In order to do a steadfast determination on which way to take, careful research needs to be done to do certain that I am clear in my ends, altering calling way in medical specialty and re-start preparation can be really boring. I think at this phase of developing it is really hard to hold a clear image of what I want to make. While larning about the different subjects in medical specialty can be rather different when work on them. Although it does give some penetration about what it is like to work in that field. To this day of the month, I am really inclined towards surgery for my future calling. Bing able to straight see the job, keeping the breakage or experiencing the obstruction so repairing the job utilizing your custodies is really hearty. It requires drawn-out preparation and new accomplishments are invariably acquired even after making. I ever find it exciting to scrubbing-up, operating, or largely as a medical pupil, helping in theater. There is a huge array of subspecialties on offer, from urogenital medicine to plastic surgery. Some factors will be common to all fortes, but each will hold their ain set of challenges and demands. Orthopedic surgery is the most appealing subspecialties in surgery, it can be really physical but there are many specialist tools available to cut down the demand for inordinate force. The on-call agenda is comparatively demanding as accidents can go on any clip of the twenty-four hours. In contrast with ENT surgery where more of the surgeries are elected with really small exigency work so the working hours can be rather flexible. Through the class, I am going more informed about the different calling options and have got a better thought of what kind of calling I want, though non confident plenty to do a concluding determination. At the same clip I should non go narrow minded and ignore the other countries of medical specialty, because I may yet detect other new involvements. Word Count: 1018Global Health SectionGlobal wellness is a subject in medical specialty derived from public wellness and international wellness. It has been defined as â€Å" an country for survey, research and pattern that places a precedence on bettering wellness and accomplishing equity in wellness for all people worldwide ( 2 ) † . It is a field joins the medical and societal scientific discipline subjects, including human ecology, economic sciences, epidemiology and many others. It uses wellness informations such as life anticipation and infant mortality rate to mensurate the wellness jobs present in an country. It besides emphasises on wellness issues such as HIV/AIDS and malaria that can hold a planetary economical and political impact.What is equity in wellness?Health equity among states and within a state or community is a major issue in planetary wellness. The publicity of societal and economic equity and decrease of wellness disparities has been a cardinal subject in domestic public wellness, international wellness, and planetary wellness ( 2 ) . Equity of wellness can be confused with equality of wellness. Health equity focuses on the distribution of resources and other procedures that drive a peculiar sort of inequality between more and less advantaged groups, in other words, wellness inequality that is unjust or unfair ( 3 ) . Not all wellness disparities are unjust ( 4 ) , for illustration, we would anticipate immature grownups are healthier than the aged and work forces have prostate jobs whereas adult females do n't. However, if the difference arises from immunization degree or nutritionary position, so it would do concern from an equity position ( 3 ) . More late, Braveman and Gruskin defined wellness equity as â€Å" absence of systematic disparities in wellness between different societal groups. Unfairnesss in wellness consistently put groups of people who are already socially disadvantaged ( for illustration, by virtuousness of being hapless, female, and/or members of a disfranchised racial ethnic or spiritual group ) at farther disadvantage with regard to their wellness ; wellness is indispensable to wellbeing and to get the better ofing other effects of societal disadvantage. † ( 3 )Financing of wellness attentionFinancing of wellness attention is a major factor in equity of wellness attent ion, it is the activity of raising or roll uping gross to pay for the operation of a wellness attention system ( 5 ) . The conventional classs for fiscal beginnings are revenue enhancement, societal wellness insurance, private wellness insurance and out-of-pocket payments. Depending on the wellness attention system there are many fluctuations in the funding beginnings, for illustration, societal wellness attention insurance can be implemented on a national degree or a community degree and it can either be compulsory or voluntary ( 6 ) . Equity in wellness attention funding is assessed by the grade of inequality in paying for wellness attention between families of unequal Ability To Pay ( ATP ) ( 7 ) . Policy shapers in assorted states seem to be building wellness attention financing harmonizing to ATP. The Ministry of Health ( MOH ) in Malaysia subscribes to this scheme by suggesting that the state ‘s part to the new national wellness financing strategy to be related to ATP ( 8 ) .Malayan wellness attention systemThe cardinal rule of the Malaysian wellness attention system is that the handiness to wellness attention is non to be related to ATP, peculiarly in the event of illness ( 9 ) . The Malayan wellness attention system has seen great betterment over the past old ages. During the period of 1990 to 2005, life anticipation at birth increased significantly: males from 69.0 to 71.8 old ages and females from 73.5 to 76.2 old ages ; infant mortality rate fallen from 13.5 to 5.1 per 1000 ( 8 ) . Malaysia was ranked at 49 from 191 WHO member states ( 10 ) , which assessed the overall wellness public presentation against the three aims of good wellness, reactivity and just fiscal part. Malaysia ‘s public presentation at just fiscal part is comparatively low ( 122-123 out of 191 WHO member states ) compared to the other two aims ( 10 ) . In Malaysia, the populace and private wellness services co-exist. The authorities provides public wellness services through public infirmaries and wellness clinics. Private wellness attention complement the medical services provided by the authorities and its outgrowth is driven by demand. The wellness system overall is preponderantly revenue enhancement financed. The national outgo showed that authorities subsidises 58.2 % of the support in public sector whilst the balance of 41.8 % is financed by the private sector in 2003 ( 11 ) . The support are from five chief beginnings: direct revenue enhancements, indirect revenue enhancements, Employee Provident Fund ( EPF ) and Social Security Organisation ( SOCSO ) parts, private insurance premiums and out-of-pocket payments ( 6 ) . Those financess are transferred straight or indirectly to either public or private installations. Figure 2. Households ‘ Financial Contributions to Health Care System in Malaysia. From ( 6 ) . Many parametric quantities and techniques are available in the appraisal of equity of funding in a peculiar wellness attention system. Progressivity measures the divergence from proportionality in the relationship between wellness payment and ATP ( 12 ) . A progressive system means that the persons or families with greater ATP are paying more proportionately in funding wellness attention. The Kakwani ‘s progressiveness index ( 13 ) is a widely used tool in public finance to measure equity. The value ranges from -2 in the most regressive system to +1 in the most progressive system, 0 agencies that the system is relative and wellness payments account for the same proportion of income, irrespective of the person ‘s income ( 14 ) . A research carried out by Yu et Al ( 6 ) employed information from Household Expenditure Survey ( HES ) Malaysia 1998/99 indicated that the five finance beginnings in Malaysia have produced a imperfect system which is regarded as just. Malaysia â⠂¬Ëœs Kakwani ‘s progressiveness index mark compares really favorably to other revenue enhancement financed wellness attention systems in both development and developed states ( 6 ) . This determination contradicts the WHO World Health Report 2000, in which an older informations beginning from 1980s was used compared to the 1998/99 figures used in the new study. The two different findings besides indicate betterment in the equity of fiscal part in the wellness attention system during this clip. Although the finance of wellness attention can be regarded as just in Malaysia, there are other unfairnesss. Many among the hapless fail to seek wellness service due to go and chance costs. The private travel costs incurred to seek intervention have been high and besides increased at a higher rate compared to household income ( 15 ) . The hapless besides live farther from medical installations and have to pass more to go compared to the rich ( 15 ) . From the instance of Malaysia we can see that achieve equity in wellness attention can be really hard. The state has a really just manner to finance the wellness attention system but jobs remains in the distribution of service. Besides the turning proportion of private finance beginnings will do an escape of skill medical forces from the populace sector which will make farther entree unfairnesss. Word count: 1104Final Aims and AimsExperience wellness attention systems in different states. The two states that I ‘m sing will hold rather different systems to each other and the UK. It would be interesting to see what can be learnt from each and what can we make to better our ain wellness system. Practice the clinical accomplishments acquired in the past two old ages and hopefully get some new accomplishments that can be used in the hereafter. This can be a good clip to retouch on all the clinical accomplishments which will be needed during fond regards in the 5th twelvemonth and foundation occupations. Use this chance to research calling options. More exposure in orthopedic surgery will hopefully beef up my aspiration towards surgical callings. Use the clip in Kuala Lumpur to acquire more exposure to fortes that I have n't had much exposure, for illustration, ENT and dermatology. To carry on the research undertaking, this is still pending on ethical blessing. This is an chance to pattern how to transport out clinical researches, which is a utile accomplishment to hold regardless of the forte I will be come ining. If the research is approved and everything else goes good, it can be a good opportunity to hold some work published early in the calling. Word count: 207History of Elective PlansSingaporeSince my elective is split into two halves, I shall speak about each individually. My first finish is Singapore. Officially known as the Republic of Singapore, it is a metropolis province and besides an island state. Situated off the southern tip of the Malay peninsula, separated from Malaya by the Strait of Johor. It is the universe ‘s 4th taking finance Centre and the 3rd busiest port. Figure 3. Singapore skyline at dark from www.panorami.com With a population of merely over 5 million and being one of the smallest states in the universe, its population denseness is the 3rd highest in the universe. Merely 2.9 million of its population are born locally, 43 % ( 16 ) . Singapore is a multicultural state, the 2010 nose count ( 17 ) indicates that bulk of population being cultural Chinese ( 74.1 % ) , with 13.4 % Malays, 9.2 % Indians. There are four official linguistic communications in Singapore: English, Mandarin, Tamil and Malay. English is the on the job linguistic communication and all physicians are trained in English. The largest faith is Buddhism ( 44.2 % ) , Christianity and Islam are the other chief faiths with 18.3 % and 14.7 % severally ( 17 ) . Figure 4. The Merlion, a symbol of Singapore. This fabulous animal is a capturing loanblend of a king of beasts and a fish. From www.travelerfolio.com Singapore has a cosmopolitan health care system where the authorities ensures affordability. Most care outgo ( 68.1 % ) ( 18 ) is provided by the private sector, and the remainder is from the authorities. Harmonizing to the World Health Organisation ( 18 ) , Singapore has the lowest infant mortality rate ( 3 in 1000 ) and it besides has one of the highest life anticipations at birth ( 80 old ages ) . Singapore has â€Å" one of the most successful health care systems in the universe, in footings of both efficiency in funding and the consequences achieved in community wellness results † ( 19 ) . The system uses a combination of mandatory nest eggs from salary tax write-offs, founded by the workers and employers, a means-tested authorities subsidies for those in fiscal adversity and a national insurance strategy to cover major and drawn-out unwellnesss ( 19 ) . Although really successful, this peculiar health care system is â€Å" hard to retroflex in other states † , chi efly because the comparatively little population of 5 million on a concentrated piece of land, so the planning of the health care substructure is much easier comparing to larger states ( 19 ) . There are 13 private infirmaries, 10 authorities founded infirmaries and a figure of other specializer clinics. Khoo Teck Puat Hospital ( KTPH ) is the newest public infirmary in Singapore, built to function the health care needs of more than 650,000 peopleA who live and work in the North of the city.A The infirmary was officially opened in November 2010, the entire cost of development was $ 674m ( 20 ) , $ 125m of which was donated by the late Khoo Teck Puat ‘s household, who was wealthiest adult male in Singapore. KTPH is a territory general infirmary consists of 19 wards with 550 beds, with a six-storey Specialist Outpatient Clinic block, and an eight-storey edifice lodging the private wards and a 10-storey subsidized tower ( 20 ) . KTPH is besides actively involved in medical instruction and supply clinical instruction to medical pupils from Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine at the National University of Singapore ( 20 ) . Figure 5. Khoo Teck Puat Hospital. From www.flickr.comKuala Lumpur, MalaysiaMalaysia is situated in South East Asia, separated into two parts by the South China Sea into Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo, besides known as West and East Malaysia severally. The Peninsular Malaysia was known as Malaya, gained independency from Britain in 1975, so united with Sabah, Sarawak and Singapore to organize Malaysia in 1963. However in 1965, Singapore withdrew from the federation and formed an independent state. The entire population of Malaysia is merely over 28 million ( 21 ) , Malays and other Bumiputera groups make up 65 % of the population, Chinese 26 % , Indians 7.1 % and other cultural groups 1 % ( 22 ) . The distribution of population across the state is instead uneven with approximately 80 % life in Peninsular Malaysia ( 21 ) . There are 137 living linguistic communications spoken in Malaysia ( 23 ) . Bahasa Malaysia, a standardised from of Malay is the official linguistic communication. English was the official administrative linguistic communication before Malaysia ‘s independency and remained to be widely used, particularly in service industries and other work topographic points. So communicating should non be an issue during the elected. Islam is the largest and the official faith with 60.4 % of the population, Buddhism and Christianity are the other chief faiths with 19.2 % and 9.1 % followerss severally. Figure 6. Map of Malaysia. From www.cia.gov Kuala Lumpur is the capital and the largest metropolis in the state with a population of 8 million in the metropolitan country ( 24 ) . The name literally means â€Å" boggy estuary † in Malay It has developed from a hovel town lodging mineworkers from the nearby Sn mine in mid nineteenth century to be dominated by the tallest skyscrapers in Southeast Asia and flower with the returns of international trade and commercialism. Kuala Lumpur is a really diverse metropolis in footings of human ecology, faith and civilization with historic temples and mosques sitting aboard futuristic towers. This diverseness attracts tourers from all over the universe, and I am certain I will hold plentifulness to make and see in my free clip. Figure 7. Kuala Lumpur at dawn with Petronas Towers ruling the skyline. From kualalumpurhotels.travel Hospital Kuala Lumpur is the largest infirmary in Malaysia and one of the largest in Asia. It is situated on 150 estates of land with 83 wards and 2302 beds. It employs a immense staff of 7000 workers, including 200 advisers and specializers with 500 registrars and house officers ( 25 ) . The infirmary is situated at the Centre of the metropolis, and was built in 1870 and consisted of merely 3 wards. Since so, it has been invariably upgraded and in 1997 it has completed upgrading its Institute of Radiotherapy, Oncology and Nuclear Medicine ( 25 ) . HKL besides plays an of import function in developing wellness professionals. As it is the chief instruction infirmary for medical pupils from the National University of Malaysia the staff will be more than capable to supply a worthwhile acquisition experience and hence it is a really popular pick among elected pupils. Many fifth pupils spent their electives in HKL exhaustively enjoyed their posters. As it is a immense infirmary there are so many different sections I can see and most physicians are more than happy for you to fall in their squad for a twenty-four hours regardless the section you are posted under. Figure 8. The Thean Hou Temple is one of the largest Chinese Buddhist temples in Kuala Lumpur. Officially opened in 1989, it is dedicated to Tian Hou ( The Heavenly Mother ) . From www.flickr.com Word count: 1092Personal Safety, Health and WellbeingFor personal safety issues about the states I am about to see for the electives, I foremost checked the Foreign and Commonwealth Office web site for some general advice. For Singapore, â€Å" there is an underlying menace from terrorist act. Attacks could be indiscriminate, including in topographic points frequented by exiles and foreign travelers † ( 26 ) .This means there is a low degree of known terrorist activity. So from terrorist act concern point of position, Singapore is possibly safer than the UK. FCO besides states that violent offense is rare, but travelers should be cognizant of street offense such as bag-snatching. This sort of activity occurs more often in tourist country such as airdromes, I think I should exert same sort of cautiousness as I would in all big metropoliss. The FCO peculiarly highlighted that â€Å" the offenses of indignation of modestness ( molestation ) can ensue in a all right, gaol or bodily penalty ( the Calamus rotang cane ) . Travelers are advised to avoid any action that could be interpreted as molestation. Scams affecting false claims of molest are thought to be † ( 26 ) . This should non be a major concern as most people would exert common sense non to do any offense, though this does alarm traveler to the state that certain misbehaviors that would be dealt laxly in the UK can take to really serious penalty in Singapore. The menace of terrorist act is somewhat more serious in Malaysia, FCO listed it as a state with â€Å" general menace of terrorist act † and â€Å" some degree of known terrorist activity † ( 26 ) .The FCO besides warned against travel to the east Sabah part of the state as there â€Å" are indicants that both condemnable and terrorist groups are be aftering violent Acts of the Apostless against foreign tourers † ( 26 ) in that country. The last incidence affecting foreign subjects was in 2003 and there are no other reported incidences since. East Sabah is in east Malaysia, far from the capital metropolis Kuala Lumpur, and I have no programs to go to that portion of the state. In footings of insurance during elected period and other travels that may follow, I have ever purchased travel insurance to cover my flights to and from place during the holiday period. I have been with Insure & A ; Go for a figure of old ages, it ‘s a really dependable company and their one-year multi-trip policy is really comprehensive. The insurance bundle costs ?70 per twelvemonth, which includes cancellation, personal properties, luggage, paperss and whole scope of other screens. One of import screen I should foreground is the medical screen. As if for any ground I fall ill during the elected or the period spent going after the elected, I would be cover for the local wellness service if it ‘s needed. The wellness attention systems in Singapore is mostly in private founded so the cost it would be rather expensive, and the National University of Singapore requires all incoming elected pupils to hold medical insurance during the elected period. I have besides checked wi th the insurance company that the â€Å" medical elective † is covered as portion of the travel insurance as it can be a gray country between vacation travel and working travel. They have confirmed that the elective is covered by this policy. Professional insurance or malpractice insurance is besides required by the arrangement in Singapore. I have joined the Medical Protection Society since first twelvemonth of medical school but I have ne'er required their service. If I keep on following the counsel as I have been in the UK during the clinical surveies, professional insurance should non be of concern. I understand the medical pattern in different wellness systems and different civilization can change, patients ‘ outlook and apprehension of the function of medical pupil can besides be rather different. While working with patients, whether on ward or clinic, I should explicate my function and do certain the patients understand who I am and what I ‘m making. At any point, if I am diffident about the ethical deductions of a certain pattern, for illustration, inquiring for consent from patient for scrutiny, I should confer with a senior member of the squad and inquire for advice for the recognized criterion of pa ttern in that peculiar infirmary. Dengue febrility is known to happen in both Singapore and Malaysia ( 27 ) . There is no available inoculation or medical specialty to forestall this disease. The best step is to avoid mosquito bites by utilizing anti-mosquito sprays and picks. There is besides a hazard of malaria in Malaysia ( 27 ) , once more anti-mosquito steps should be used. In add-on, chemoprophylaxis should be used in concurrence. Chloroquine opposition is present in peninsular Malaysia, I shall take proguanil along with chloroquine. These drugs are available from most pharmaceuticss. Another major wellness concern for pupils traveling abroad for elected arrangement is the hazard of HIV exposure. The prevalence of HIV in Singapore and Malaysia are both really low. The latest figure shows that the prevalence of HIV in Malaysia is approximately 0.5 % and 0.15 % in Singapore, comparing to 0.35 % in the UK ( 28 ) . For the orthopedic surgery fond regard in Singapore, I will likely be in contact with blood while detecting or helping in theaters. Since the prevalence of HIV in Singapore is lower than this state, the hazard of exposure is really little. The fond regard in Kuala Lumpur would be based in the general medical specialty section, so the opportunities of contact with blood is minimum along with the low prevalence of HIV, the hazard of HIV exposure is once more really low. Hence, I ‘m non sing taking a post-exposure prophylaxis kit with me during the elected fond regard. One unwellness which I ‘m likely to endure from is traveler ‘s diarrhea. From experience, during about every abroad trip, I would hold traveler ‘s diarrhea at some phase. This is likely because I frequently like to seek the local nutrient and drinks and non afraid of eating unfamiliar things. To understate the hazard of holding diarrhea, of any kind, I should avoid feeding and imbibing in less reputable constitutions. As a safeguard I would besides take some loperamide tablets and anti-emetics in instance of diarrhea or more serious nutrient toxic condition. Word count: 998

LsW

LsW LsW Lake Side Wrestling Written By: Kevin McCauley "The Wood, the glass, the fire, and the barrels never stopped anyone of the Lake Side Wrestlers from doing what they did" PART I Chapter 1 "The Beginning" Around December 27th, 1998, five local kids from the neighborhood of Lake Side Billerica, MA thought that wrestling should be their sport to perfect in. Four out of the dive kids one day were shoveling snow after a big blizzard in the Massachusetts region. Me and Ryan McCauley, triplet brothers, started doing wrestling moves in the piles of snow. Our friends Dewey Dulong and Jay Cantwell started doing moves also. We started to have so much fun because they were big fans of wrestling at the time. The moves that we first ever pulled off was the "spear," the "powerbomb," and the "vertical suplex." After a while days We would go outside in the snow and practice more and more moves.English: Cropped version of File:Cybersunday-maine...

Free Essays on To Kill A Mockingbird Symbolism

Symbolism is indeed used extensively throughout Harper Lee’s timeless classic, To Kill A Mockingbird. Many of the main ideas and points were put across through hidden meanings and phrases. Some examples of symbols in this book include the occurrences of the rabid dog, the fire at Miss Maudie’s house, and the extended symbol of the mockingbird. This paper will explore the usage and significance of symbolism in this novel. The connection between innocent people and mockingbirds is made openly throughout the book. â€Å"Mockingbirds don’t do one thing†¦ but sing their hearts out for us. That’s why it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird,† states Miss Maudie when explaining to Scout what her father meant by saying it is a sin to shoot a mockingbird. These lines are the source of the novel’s title and introduce one of the key images of the book. This image is of innocent people who are destroyed by evil. Mr. Underwood associates Tom Robinson’s trial and murder to â€Å"the senseless slaughter of songbirds by hunters and children.† Similarly, Boo Radley never intends to harm anyone. Instead, he leaves presents for Jem and Scout, covers Scout with a blanket the night of the fire, and eventually saves Jem and Scout’s lives from Bob Ewell. The usage of the rabid dog is very important to the understanding of racial inequality. Just as when a rabid dog spreads its disease, the disease of racism is spread rapidly through Maycomb. A dog does not choose to contract rabies, the same way an African-American does not choose to be colored. The narrow-mindedness of the common citizens of Maycomb County are revealed through the prejudices and stereotypes they place upon minorities. Miss Maudie’s house burning down was also a major symbol in this novel. This establishes the fact that bad things can, and do happen to good people, and also is used to foreshadow the events to come in the novel. Miss Maudie’s optimism and sanguinity rep... Free Essays on To Kill A Mockingbird Symbolism Free Essays on To Kill A Mockingbird Symbolism Symbolism is indeed used extensively throughout Harper Lee’s timeless classic, To Kill A Mockingbird. Many of the main ideas and points were put across through hidden meanings and phrases. Some examples of symbols in this book include the occurrences of the rabid dog, the fire at Miss Maudie’s house, and the extended symbol of the mockingbird. This paper will explore the usage and significance of symbolism in this novel. The connection between innocent people and mockingbirds is made openly throughout the book. â€Å"Mockingbirds don’t do one thing†¦ but sing their hearts out for us. That’s why it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird,† states Miss Maudie when explaining to Scout what her father meant by saying it is a sin to shoot a mockingbird. These lines are the source of the novel’s title and introduce one of the key images of the book. This image is of innocent people who are destroyed by evil. Mr. Underwood associates Tom Robinson’s trial and murder to â€Å"the senseless slaughter of songbirds by hunters and children.† Similarly, Boo Radley never intends to harm anyone. Instead, he leaves presents for Jem and Scout, covers Scout with a blanket the night of the fire, and eventually saves Jem and Scout’s lives from Bob Ewell. The usage of the rabid dog is very important to the understanding of racial inequality. Just as when a rabid dog spreads its disease, the disease of racism is spread rapidly through Maycomb. A dog does not choose to contract rabies, the same way an African-American does not choose to be colored. The narrow-mindedness of the common citizens of Maycomb County are revealed through the prejudices and stereotypes they place upon minorities. Miss Maudie’s house burning down was also a major symbol in this novel. This establishes the fact that bad things can, and do happen to good people, and also is used to foreshadow the events to come in the novel. Miss Maudie’s optimism and sanguinity rep...

U.S. Policy regarding the South China Sea (SCS) Essay

U.S. Policy regarding the South China Sea (SCS) - Essay Example The tensions are influencing – being influenced by- rising fears concerning China military power growth as well as its regional intents. China has engaged in an extensive upgrading of its forces of maritime paramilitary and naval aptitudes to impose jurisdiction and Sovereignty rights through force if the need arises. Simultaneously, China is developing capabilities, which would place US forces within the expanse in a conflict risk, and therefore, possibly refuting US Navy access in the west Pacific (Akande). In view of the growing prominence of China-U.S. affiliation as well as the Asia-Pacific expanse more largely, to the worldwide economy, the U.S. has a huge interest in inhibiting any of the numerous disputes within the South China Sea from intensifying militarily. U.S. policy goals include: I. Attainment of global norms and rules in the South China Sea, II. Attainment of regional stability and alliance security in the South China Sea, III. Attainment of economic interests and IV. Attaining a cooperative affiliation with China V. Promote Territorial Risk-reduction Measures Assessment of Current U.S. Policy Goals The U.S. has crucial interests for achieving a diplomatic resolution of disputes in South China Sea with respect to international law. With China’s exception, all South China Sea’s claimants have tried to validate their entitlements grounded on their coastlines as well as the UNCLOS’s provisions. China, on the other hand, depends on a combination of legal claims and historic rights, while remaining purposely indistinct about the implication of the ‘nine-dashed line’ all over the sea, which is drawn upon Chinese maps. The failure of the U.S. to maintain international norms and law could harm United States’ interests elsewhere within the region as well as beyond. Guaranteeing navigation freedom is another critical goal for the US as well as other regional states. As much as China maintains that, it advoc ates navigation freedom; its persistence that foreign forces seek advance authorization to cruise in its EEZ hurls doubt upon its stance. The China’s capabilities development to deny US’ naval entry to its waters in a dispute provides proof of likely Chinese intents to block navigation freedom in particular contingencies (Akande). Regional and alliance security: United States friends and allies around Southern China Sea depend on U.S. to sustain free trade, secure and safe sea communication lines and general stability and tranquility within the region. Non-claimants and claimants to marine waters and land features within the South China Sea take U.S. forces presence as essential to permit decision-formulating free of extortion. If states within the South China Sea lack self-assurance in the U.S. to aid as the major regional security underwriter, they could engage in costly and possibly threatening arms accumulations to reimburse or, otherwise, become more cooperative t o the requests of an influential China. None would be within the United States’ policy goals. Failure to assure friends of U.S. responsibilities within the expanse could also weaken U.S. security assurances in the wider Asia-Pacific area, particularly with South Korea and Japan. Simultaneously, however, the US must elude being enticed into the regional dispute—and perhaps into a clash—by regional states who seek United States’ backing to legalize their claims (Nato). Economic

Franklin D. Roosevelt Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Franklin D. Roosevelt - Research Paper Example Throughout his career, Roosevelt gained immense success in all the positions he held; this made him one of the most celebrated leaders America has ever had. Born on January 30th, 1882 in New York to James Roosevelt and Sara Delano Roosevelt, Franklin Roosevelt was the only child from this wealthy family. During his younger days, he received home training from home tutors until he was 14 years when he joined Groton school in Massachusetts (Coker 11). After his studies in Groton school, he went to study a bachelor’s degree in history in Harvard University for three years. Roosevelt later joined Columbia University to study law. In 1907, he exited from the university after passing the bar examination, which allowed him to practice law for three years in New York (Renshaw 15). During his studies in Columbia University, Roosevelt had married Anna Eleanor Roosevelt in 1905. Roosevelt and Anna got six children, and Roosevelt spent most of his time with his children (Black 266). In 1910, Roosevelt made his first attempt in politics where he vied for the New York City senator through the Democratic Party. Roosevelt emerged the winner and became the New York senator; he held this position till 1914 after his re-election in 1912. In the senate, he served under the Wilson administration as the assistant secretary of the navy. Roosevelt gained immense experience from this position after closely working with Josephus Daniels who was the secretary of the navy at the time (Renshaw 16). Roosevelt demonstrated exemplary leadership skills while working as the assistant secretary to the navy, something which was noted by democrat leaders. By the time America was getting into World War I, Roosevelt had already put America’s naval plant into its most efficient way to fight the battle. Roosevelt was also hugely instrumental in advising the United States on the best war plan on the battle of the North Sea that helped in weakening the