Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Individual Privacy vs. National Security

National Security has taken a new shape after the events of September 11, 2001, that is why I have selected the topic of Individual Privacy vs. National Security. I have selected this topic because of the amount of attention that has brought to this topic over the last ten years. There are many issues that the American people have with the government pushing what people believe cross privacy bounds thus causing court cases forcing policy changes. The ruling in the courts will affect how our government is able to gather information on possible terrorist threats while trying to keep the people’s rights protected. I plan on limiting the research by looking at key events that really have sparked the American people to uproar at the U. S. government. In looking at they more key events it will help to cut down the amount of hits that I will get in a search engine. The idea is that if certain issues really fire up the people then how will future bills or laws passed by the government be affected by pass rulings in the courts. In my paper I plan on looking into the Patroit Act and how this really affects what the government is allowed to do when they think someone is involved in terrorist acts. Also the other hot topic is that right now the government really does not need a warrant to track your cell phone using the different GPS signals. These are two of the biggest issues that could really help to shape current policy that the government uses to track people of interest. I am taking the side that there are times that the people of America need to give up some of their rights so that the government can protect them. It is a give and take relationship so there are times that both sides must find a common ground. Yet, there are times that the governments needs to have the ability to protect our national security at all cost.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Baby boom Critique

â€Å"Baby Boom†, is a heartfelt and comical movie in one. J. C. Wiatt played by (Diane Keaton), is a woman of a fast paced lifestyle dedicated to her profession working 75-80 hours a week. J. C has no time to spare for her personal or romantic life, or relaxation time for that matter with her schedule. (The film shows J. C. and her live-in mate, played by Harold Ram's, grudgingly allocating four minutes for sex one evening before going right back to their reading (â€Å"Movie Review – Baby Boom – Film: ‘Baby Boom' – NYTimes. com†, n. d. ).This movie goes from a career driven women who scared everyone, to a mother in the country who now shows fear. J. C. Wiatt is a workaholic whose sole focus in life is her Job, until she is faced with a very hard decision, work or motherhood. Attachment theory is clearly shown in this film between J. C, and Elizabeth the baby she inherited from her cousins who died in England. Attachment Oohn Bowlby, 1969), i s the strong affectionate tie we have with special people in our lives that leads us to feel pleasure when we interact with them and to be comforted by their nearness in times of stress (Berk, pg. 9). Ethological theory of attachment, which recognizes the infant's emotional tie to the caregiver as an evolved response that promotes survival, is the most widely accepted view by John Bowlby (Berk, pg. 150). Elizabeth expresses attachment theory when she is separated from J. C on several occasions, such as when Harold Ramis comes home and Elizabeth is fearful (stranger to her). Also, when J. C leaves her at the coat check-in and offers the attendant a large tip to keep her quiet for one hour, Elizabeth did not settle and cried until J. C was in sight again and held her.J. C shows clear and obvious ties to attachment theory as well. J. C never expected to take on the parenting role, she had plans on becoming partner in her company she was employed at and devoting more of her time that sh e barely had already. Once left with Elizabeth at the airport with no other chose, but to keep her until she could make arrangements and put her up for adoption. However, she now had to keep Elizabeth for two days before the adoption would take place. She had no clue how to raise or tend to an infant this was no easy task for J.C. Few examples of being clueless, resorted to using tape to keep iaper on when she failed on â€Å"several† attempts, gave her a bowl of linguine to eat, which let to a huge mess, as well as spraying the infant with cleaning solution. However, things did start to improve and she was catching on to some reassuring attemp ts that wor ed. k During this time Elizabeth got sick and J C started to master some of the parenting skills she never thought she would. She took babys temperature and gave her medicine to bring down her fever. J. C. aced the hallway back and forth to comfort Elizabeth while she tried to calm and fall asleep. J. C. slept ith Elizabeth and stayed near her to make her feel safe â€Å"secure base†. This serves as an internal working model, or set of expectations about the availability of attachment fgures and their likelihood of providing support during times of stress (Berk, pg. 150). After these two days together, waiting the adoption day J. C. and Elizabeth developed a strong emotional tie (attachment). The day comes to give Elizabeth up for adoption J.C and she shows empathy now that its time to say goodbye. The adoptive parents did not seem right for Elizabeth, J. C. says goodbye as Elizabeth is crying and leaves. She made it maybe ten paces away from the door before she turned around and forfeited the adoption, she became to attached to Elizabeth and developed the emotional bond of needing to keep her safe and look after her herself, not some strangers! She tried to balance her work and keeping Elizabeth, but it was tough ad she was very insecure with any babysitter/nanny she left Elizabeth with.She wa s a nervous wreck and found it very hard to leave Elizabeth for long periods now. She made a huge decision and left her cozy high paying Job, packed up and moved to Vermont (in the country). There was no plan other than to spend time with Elizabeth and raise her in a more laidback, slow paced life style. This is were a lot of the comical parts of the movie took place, because J. C. was a city girl, and each day was a new challenge and accomplishment. J. C. started making applesauce from her harvest of apples on her land, which turned out to a booming baby food business.Now, she has an offer to be back part of the city life and make millions to sell her baby food business. J. C. finds this so exciting and cant wait to meet with the company and work out a package, as she is in the building where she orked prior, in the bathroom looking in the mirror, repeats â€Å"I'm back, I'm back. However, as she heads back towards the conference room to give her decision, she see's everyone racin g frantically and are remembering what she will give up with this decision.J. C runs her business at her pace, around her schedule, is her own boss, has a crib and a mobile in her office in Vermont, where Elizabeth is apart of her day the whole while. She turns down the millions of dollars and the city life she once loved, all for Elizabeth she was extremely attached and she had new priorities.

Monday, July 29, 2019

Euthanasia Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Euthanasia - Term Paper Example But the wider implications of euthanasia are important considerations for near and dear ones of the sick person. I believe that every person should be empowered to make his or her own decisions about his or her welfare and therefore, euthanasia needs to be accepted as legally and medically correct practice under certain conditions. The traditional approach like medical, behavioral and socio-economic approach to health are popular. The knowledge gained through religious ideologies and guidelines is complemented and supplemented by our inherent tendency to explore and widen its area of influence through all available means. Brandt (1975) states that ‘killing a person is not something that is just prima facie wrong in itself; it is wrong roughly only if and because it is an injury of someone, or if and because it is contrary to the known preferences of someone’. Whatever we do, it is based on reasoning or motivating forces that influence our thinking process and the way we think. The principles of patient’s autonomy and the right of the patient to decide about his welfare are vital considerations that should be respected. Hence, patient’s request for dignified death or euthanasia becomes highly relevant. Euthanasia is highly relevant for people who are in constant pain and may not even be in a conscious state to acknowledge the people around them. Terminally ill patients who are capable of living a full life or even assisted life and are not continuously suffering unbearable physical pain have the option and right to the natural death. Philippa Foot (1977) says that ‘encourage patients to make their own contracts with a doctor by making it known whether they wish him to prolong their life in case of painful terminal illness or of incapacity’. Indeed, it is inhuman to make people live through artificial means like medication when they are undergoing huge mental and physical agony when they know that they will

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Successful Business Venturer Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Successful Business Venturer - Personal Statement Example foresightedness or vision as Silbiger suggests. To do this, one has to have a good grasp of the total environment both internal and external, where his/her business operates. Thus, one has to be a wide-reader and must be always abreast of the developments and changes around him to foresee and anticipate what is yet to come. He must realize that these changes would have an effect on his business one way or the other. Likewise, in any endeavor -- be it personal or professional -- commitment is very much important. Coupled with strong will and desire to do a particular task no matter what, is a sure key to success in business. Because through commitment, one gives not only his time and effort but the entire being of the person to ensure that a particular venture is accomplished. This in turn, develops trust from clients and co-members of the organization. Another characteristic needed is management skills of which communication and persuasion are very much related. Management and leadership studies always underscore the importance of clear and respectful communication within business organizations. Persuasion that is achieved through effective communication is important for businesses in dealing with their clients/customers as well. I believe all these three traits are present in me.

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Food and beverage manager Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Food and beverage manager - Research Paper Example Professionalism and efficiency are some of the attributes of a good food and beverage manager. This paper will analyze the food and beverage manager in the context of the required education and skills, his duties and responsibilities, his remuneration, and other job opportunities available for him. Food and beverage managers require great customer skills and management skills in their course of work. Hence, for one to become an efficient food and beverage manager, the following minimum qualifications are necessary. One must have completed secondary school level with a least  NCEA Level 2. A good foundation in mathematics, accounting, and languages is useful. They should also possess a diploma or degree in business and restaurant management or tourism. They should also be above 18 years of age. Experience in progressive management, fine dining and special event catering, budgeting, and operational financial management accountability are prerequisites. Any experience in cooking, business administration, and working in work in kitchens, bars, and restaurants is a benefit. In fact, two years experience is required before a person qualifies as a food and beverage manager. Since this job involves public and individual relations with customers, it requires good communication skills , conflict resolution, excellent customer service orientation, and good organisation skills. Additionally, since it involves supervision and communism, experience in a union environment and good leadership skills are significant. Similarly, one needs to be flexible in his decisions and easily adapt to eminent changes since this is a dynamic industry. Because the job entails controls and budgeting, skills in inventory management are basic. They should also posses the ability to multi-task and work under pressure since customer levels keep changing (Bureau of Labor Statistics

Data life cycles -Compare and contrast IT lifecycle approaches Essay

Data life cycles -Compare and contrast IT lifecycle approaches - Essay Example In this scenario, the option is an extremely disconnected firm with islands of proficiency in a sea of mislaid opportunity (IBM, 2012). However, to help businesses organize these endeavors, a group of IT lifecycle approaches and solutions exists, which is a collection of integrated systems and tools, developments and services to support the collaboration and communication of company, development, functions and stakeholders. Moreover, every forward-thinking is particularly planed to facilitate teams in tackling key cross-lifecycle actions that are most important to offer timely and productive worth to the company (IBM, 2012). In addition, it should be clear that businesses have to make the process of data storage more efficient. The benefit is that ILM/DLM (data and information life cycle management) creates high-quality business sense: actually, that is why it subsists in the primary place. In this scenario, ILM/DLM is a precondition for high-quality business governance; however is a s well a crucial component of high-quality industry conduct. Additionally, it takes care of company’s reputation and deals with risk, and supports a secure and reliable dealing environment. Moreover, it defends worldwide financial marketplace security and stability in addition to tracking doubtful customers' group. As well, it gives importance to clients’ self-assurance. Furthermore, it helps avoid terrorists and money-laundering as well as harmonizes global authoritarian approaches (TechTarget, 2007; Brinkmoller & Fischer, 2007). Basically, the DLM is a policy-based method that is used to handle and organize the flow of data and information system's data all through its life cycle: from configuration and preliminary storage to the time when it turns out to be old-fashioned and is deleted. In addition, data life cycle management products computerize the procedures concerned. Additionally, new data and information that have to be accessed more often, are stored on rapid and more costly storage media, on the other hand less critical data is stored on less costly and slower storage media (TechTarget1, 2004; Enterprise Integration, Inc., 2006). Moreover, HSM (Hierarchical storage management) is also a kind of data life cycle management product. In this scenario, the hierarchy refers to various kinds of data and information storage media, like that RAID (redundant array of independent disks) data and information systems, tape, optical storage, every type demonstrating a specific level of cost as well as speed of data recovery when access is necessary. In addition, HSM product allows data or system administrator to create and implement strategy for how frequently different types of files are to be stored to a backup data and information storage device (TechTarget1, 2004; Enterprise Integration, Inc., 2006). In simple words, ILM is all about understanding the data value with respect to time. The value of data changes with time and various rules are avai lable to administer how long data must be saved for, how secure the data store must be, and when the data must be removed from that store. However, these values will vary for different categories of data. In addition, ILM engages classifying data classes into business importance categories, then creating and

Friday, July 26, 2019

Normal Distribution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Normal Distribution - Essay Example For a group of statistics to be reliable, they need to have a normal or bell-shaped curve. In order to help achieve this outcome, the mean will need to be as close to the center as possible. Also, the standard deviation will likely be small in order to help the curve remain tall and narrow. The reason why normal distribution is so useful computationally is that it allows us to make conclusions from the data at hand. Let’s say, for instance, that a graph was skewed either to the left of the right. It would be very hard to come to any conclusive theories based off the data. This is because the data would not be reliable and could not be used to make any assumptions. Normal distribution is symmetrical, so it is easy to make conclusions just by looking at it with the naked eye. Other forms of data may require detailed calculations in order to make an inference or hypothesis. If a curve displays normal distribution, then the mean will be exactly the same figure as the median and the mode. Also, the standard deviations will be within a set range of numbers. If a curve is bell-shaped, then more than two thirds of the distribution (68%) will lie between one standard deviation of the mean. More than this, 95% of the data will be located within two standard deviations of the mean. All these figures are useful when working out probability. It is possible to say that there is a certain percent of a variable falling within a certain range on the graph. The tests such as Goodness of Fit, Independence, and ANOVA all use other distributions because the data is not symmetrically aligned. It could be that the distribution is skewed, either to the left or the right, and thus it is not possible to come to a conclusion simply by looking at the graph. The occurrence of outliers is also likely in such a case. One such method is the Chi-square

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Gene Autry Museum Visit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gene Autry Museum Visit - Essay Example time passed by, the center has increasingly expanded its performance to involve some emphases on other Westerners like Asians, Mexicans, African Americans, and Native Americans (Lemanczyk 2007, 50). At present, the center’s primary emphasis is on the union or meeting points of cultural practices in the American West. The Autry National Center is a museum of American West’s history, with collections and displays of relics and art works from the historical age of White imperialism in the 19th century, and it is also regarded a museum of symbols, myths, and images of the West, with quite a few masterpieces by Western artists, and a broad array of Western goods, mementos, costumes, etc. The center houses a research department which routinely conducts special expositions and events, and makes publications. Undoubtedly, the center is the leading museum of the American motion picture. . Â   In spite of the alienation I felt when I entered the center and being welcomed by the full-size imitation of Gene Autry, the center is, without a doubt, dedicated to the American West, particularly to cowboys and Native Americans. The center, apparently, has witnessed the honing of its vision and the expansion of its performance as it has struggled to become a site where the legends of the American West would occupy an important part in American history. Nevertheless, as I have observed, in spite of the committed hard work of Autry there was a very obvious dilemma. Several of the center’s visitors erroneously thought that Indians basically died out. The solution to this dilemma was easy, that is, to allow living Indians express and exhibit their own cultural history. One of the most remarkable and memorable exhibits I have seen in the center is the ‘reservation’, and although not all American Indians have went through this historical period, it is a site of legendary importance in the perception of American Indians. Several Natives who grew up in cities have an idealized

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

How has Forensic Science Impacted Anit-terrorism Internationally or Research Paper

How has Forensic Science Impacted Anit-terrorism Internationally or Nationally - Research Paper Example Crime is on the rise and it can occur in places like schools, colleges, areas of businesses, public places or even right in the middle of the street. No one is safe from this menace and by no one, it certainly means, not even the Presidents of the countries. We have lively examples of Ronald Reagan, the US President, who was attacked by a gun man but remained safe and another example of President Pervez Musharraf, the former President of Pakistan, who was attacked by suicide bombers while he was marching his way towards his home in Karachi, Pakistan. Crime and criminals patrol at all hours of day and night. Their mission is to inculcate a sense of fear among the people with their unethical acts. They use knives and sometimes hand guns to disrupt the flow of society in acts of theft, robbery and murder. On the other hand, to show their supremacy over the authorities, acts of terrorism are put together by the terrorists to create havoc in the news bulletins across the world. (Larry J S iegel, 2009) But the question that clicks everyone's mind is what is done to cure this world from such acts committed by mercenaries and of narrow mindedness? One aspect of criminal investigation brings us to the widely known concept of forensic science. It is a sort of science that uses scientific techniques to cater and analyze physical evidence in criminal cases. The concept revolves around the crime scene investigation team who collects evidences from the crime scene and sends it to the forensic laboratories for analysis by the forensic examiners. (Howard Silverstone, 2007) Current challenges With ever growing nature of the forensic workers, their challenges have doubled since the past decade. Now the expectations have risen sky high and the authorities just don't want the forensic examiners to work hard in resolving an issue but now they also want from them agility and accuracy. With the increase in terrorist acts, the authorities want an increase in the efficiency of the foren sic results. In order to counter terrorism, any evidence ranging from a DNA test of a person to foot prints, from a pencil located at the crime scene to a chewing gum cover, every single object can lead the forensic scientists to glory. Every country in the world has realized that they are not invincible or untouchable. In the past couple of decades events like the attacks on the world trade centre in New York, the Murrah building in Oklahoma city, the bombing of flight 103 in Scotland, the 24/7 attacks in London and with many more on going terrorist attacks throughout the world have certainly put a strong challenge to the forensic authorities to work hard and fight crime and criminals. The importance of the findings from the forensic people is also very crucial because if the scientific evidence carries a false sense of significance, then it could lead to misleading results. They have to be very watchful in their working methods to avoid any incompetence. It is also very important for the forensic laboratories and for the people working in it to be independent in their thoughts, they shouldn't be biased towards anyone and furthermore their findings will be much more meaningful if the federal authorities and any of the senior ranked personnel’s do not interfere in their work to show their mind set and favoritism towards a certain party. Best practices Forensic science is a discreet witness to every criminal activity. No perpetrator can get away with his crime due to the diverse practices subsets of it. Forensic ballistics is one amongst the best current practices in Counterterrorism. This study involves analyzing the bullets, firearms and other

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Differences Between Capitalism and Socialism Assignment

Differences Between Capitalism and Socialism - Assignment Example Remarkable progress was achieved in the fields of infrastructure development and industrialization and the capitalist maximized their profits, but the state of affairs of the labor class of the society remained the same. As the standard of living of the elite class and the capitalists increased with the increased productivity, the disparity and discrepancy between different social classes went on to increase and the lower classes started to protest about their miserable status of living. This led to the development of another socioeconomic ideology which was later called socialism. Socialist thinkers such as Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels declared that state is responsible for safeguarding the basic rights of each and every individual of the society and the ultimate objective of the states should be to provide better services all the classes of the society, irrespective of their financial status (Balcerowicz, 1995). Capitalism Capitalism is a system of economics in which the producti on and the distribution is the ownership of individuals or corporations and the development is proportional to the accumulation and the reinvestment of the profits generated in a free market economy. In simple words the person or the group of persons who have invested its capital, and thus put their money on risk, are entitled to enjoy absolute authority over production and distribution and also the profits generated through the investment of capital. The industrial revolution compelled a considerable number of people living in rural areas to move to the cities in order to enjoy the advantages of industrial revolution. This led to the concept of buying the services of people in return of wages and thus a working class was created in the society, but in contrast to the aspirations of the common people, the working class could not improve their working conditions because they were considered as a means of maximizing profit by the capitalists and were exploited bitterly (Davis & Scase, 1987). The pioneers of capitalism advocate increase in productivity as the greatest advantage of this economic system which results in the economic growth of the society and thus the living standard of each and every individual is improved because resources are utilized to their fullest. Moreover the competition in a free market economy improves the quality of the product which is being produced. However, in the early days with the absence of labor laws and human rights protection agencies capitalism resulted in the exploitation of the labor class by the elite and the promises of better living conditions and improved quality could not be realized. The desire of the capitalists to maximize profits makes the economy money-oriented which promotes a materialistic approach of running the economy. This approach made capitalism very unpopular among the lower classes of the society in the 19th and 20th centuries and thus the new systems of economics like socialism and communism were adopte d as new social ideologies. During the later part of the 20th century, labor laws were formulated and made strong and human rights charters were adopted which greatly improved the state of affairs of the working class in capitalism. The development of these laws and some other laws related to trade and free market economy has helped capitalism to emerge as the strongest and the most-practiced system of economy and a new

Monday, July 22, 2019

Traditional Personnel Management and Human Resources Management Essay Example for Free

Traditional Personnel Management and Human Resources Management Essay Personnel management was the previous trend in the nineteenth century before it evolved into human resources management. Personnel managers during that time were called â€Å"welfare officers.† Welfare officers became active in the work environment due to the harsh conditions that employees are experiencing. Primarily, labor unions and organizational movements influenced the emergence of welfare officers who were mostly female. Their goal was to defend the rights of the female population from injustices brought about by organizations and companies. (CIPD) After World War I, the role of welfare officers as personnel managers evolved, as the responsibility of handling absenteeism, recruitment and hiring, talks about bonuses and wages, etc. The most important role of personnel management in the 1920’s was to handle negotiations between the management and the staff over wage disputes. At this point in time, business organizations and companies have begun listening to the concerns of staff members. Since companies are suffering from losses due to absenteeism and lack of work force, they also started addressing the concerns of their staff by developing benefit programs that are proven to entice applicants, and retain staff members. (CIPD) In the latter part of the 1970’s, several changes brought about by post-World War II and the prevalence of unions, influenced the added roles of personnel management. Personnel management was tasked to take on five roles such as collective bargaining, legislation, bureaucracy, social conscience and business, and growing performance improvement. In collective bargaining, personnel management handles communication and negotiations between the business organization or company and the staff. Personnel management focuses most on unions, and has studied several strategies and practices in establishing communication lines with them. Legislation involves the understanding of current situation of the working environment and implementing legislations that follows moral and ethical principles in the workplace and setting limits in the responsibilities of personnel management. The bureaucratic role of personnel management looks to handle specific needs and problems in the workplace such as setting rules and guidelines that staff should follow. Social conscience is all about establishing mores and norms within the working environment. Lastly, the role of personnel management for growing performance improvement promotes professional development and strategies in career improvements. (CIDG) Personnel management, born out of need to protect the rights of the workers, seemed to be unimportant during the early years of the nineteenth century. Business organizations and companies often disregarded the need for personnel management, which caused them the loss in work force and labor. Moreover, the roles of personnel management were ambiguous until the latter part of the 1970’s when roles were assigned to them. The structure of personnel management at that time was also disorganized, such that there were no set rules or standards for them. This was about to change, however, when, due to changes in trends, personnel management shifted to human resources management. The term human resources management was coined in 1980. The increase in labor unions all over the country forced business organization and companies to value human resources management. Due to the changes in business strategies and the valued role of personnel management, human resources management became involved in the accomplishment of company goals and objectives. Business organizations and companies established a clear goal and objective for human resources management and began consulting them for advice regarding employee concerns. The implementation of human resources management was also a way for business organizations and companies to motivate staff members into cooperating and committing their time and effort for company missions and goals. (CIDG) Human resources management was also organized, such that it follows a cycle or a process, members of the human resources management team are assigned clear goals and objectives and the roles and responsibilities are laid out for their understanding. For instance, the work of the human resources management team starts off with planning, handles recruitment and selection, socialization, appraisal of performance, the administration of rewards or demerits system, and the implementation of several programs for career development. Human resources management became a valuable aspect in business management, and decisions were primarily based on human resources practices. (MDF) The roles and responsibilities of the human resources management were also complex and crucial. Clearly, the personnel management industry has grown intellectually. With the shift to human resources management, strategies became equally important in improving human resources management skills. Moreover, specific roles and responsibilities were particular with its alignment to company goals and objectives. For instance, staffing and hiring requires consultation with moral and ethical guidelines, assessment tools and techniques, performance appraisals, willingness to undergo training, etc. (Answers) Logically speaking, the role of human resources management since its evolution from personnel management became a complex and particular process. What used to be a form of protecting the rights of staff, became a collaborative department which balances the accomplishment of goals and objectives of the company, as well as to protect the interest of employees. Roles and responsibilities are clearly stated, as compared to the ambiguous role of personnel management in the past. Business organizations and companies now depend on the human resources department for company success, therefore, improving the standards and quality judgment of human resources department staff. Advancements in intellectual management has increased awareness and relevance of strategies and techniques in improving human resources management and the administration of professional development programs and the acquisition of best practices in the particular industry. Works Cited Answers. â€Å"Human Resources Management (HRM).† 2008. Retrieved from Answers Corporation. 05 May 2008 http://www.answers.com/topic/human-resource-management?cat=biz-fin. CIPD. â€Å"Personnel Management: A Short History.† HR Trends. 2008. Retrieved from CIPD. 05 May 2008. http://www.cipd.co.uk/subjects/hrpract/hrtrends/pmhist.htm. MDF. â€Å"International Human Resources Management.† 2008. Retrieved from MDF. 05 May 2008 http://www.mdf.nl/index.php/page/80/international-human-resources-management?mod[MDFCourseCalendarModule][item]=120.

Madame Bovary And The Death Of Ivan Ilych Essay Example for Free

Madame Bovary And The Death Of Ivan Ilych Essay What is the nature of man? Gustave Flaubert’s Madame Bovary and Leo Tolstoy’s The Death of Ivan Ilych portray not only a glimpse of what man’s nature is, but also in so doing provide a criticism of it. Both works look into the life of people who want more out of life, and yet ironically what they desire only adds shallowness and not meaning to their existence. Whereas Flaubert’s Madam Bovary shows the depressing end of a woman consumed by passions, Tolstoy gives hope with a dying man’s last days where he gets an epiphany of what the nature of man should be. Emma is Madame Bovary, a young woman who lived in her world of romantic fantasy. She came from the country and read romantic novels when she was in the convent, and believed in earnest that love and marriage will make her happy. But after marrying a simple-minded and incompetent doctor Charles, she grows disillusioned as she sinks in the routine activities of daily life. She wanted romance, passion, excitement, and although her husband loves her and adores her, she wanted more. She wanted the latest trends in fashion and she felt that she was born unjustly to a lower class than was supposed to be for her, the aristocrat. But Emma does nothing to earn the admiration or the respect of the people she admired: she can copy their outward mannerism and clothes, but she does not have the refinement or the manners to be truly aristocratic. She merely believes in her fantasy world where the aristocrats live in luxury and a life of excitement. She was ambitious, but did not have any means to acquire her material cravings but for using her beauty and body. She gets into extramarital affairs because she finds her married life dull, even when she gives birth to a daughter. She does not take care of her daughter because she wanted a boy, and instead romps off with Rodolphe Boulanger, and does not care what other people say. She is oftentimes indiscreet and cares not of her reputation or her husband’s. Emma is self-centered and she had a sense of entitlement and superiority which had no basis but drove her to act without a thought to the consequences of her actions. She is, in a way, always likening herself to playing a role that sparks her imagination at the moment: a young woman being married to a foreign doctor, a middle class with a noble’s spirit, a bored wife having an affair, a lover, a woman of rich tastes. She could not accept that her reality was the norm and that her fantasies were exaggerated, dramatic ideals. When she was young she wanted the same romance she read in her romantic novels. When she became exposed to the high society at the ball she wanted to become like them. When she saw the melodramatic opera â€Å"Lucia de Lammemoor† she adopts the character and like her commits suicide. She drove herself to debt by buying expensive items which she sometimes gave as gifts to her lovers even when she had no means of paying for these in the first place. She signed promissory notes even when she did not understand them because the merchant Lheureux played with her fantasy that she was meant for the finest things in life. When her first lover leaves her, she is distraught and falls gravely ill. With her second affair she acts as the man, covering the costs for the affair and taking charge of where, when, and how they will meet. Her debts pile up as she purchases more and more to fill the gaping hole in her being. She believed she needed passion and excitement, but it seems that what she really needed was purpose and direction, for her life held no meaning. Her innocent tendency towards romance is transformed into full blown moral corruption as she was unable to hold herself together and keep her urges and desires under control. Emma is not productive, she has no desire to improve herself or her skills, and she does not nurture her relationships with her husband, her daughter, not even with her lovers. She just saw them as means of escape from her dull life, and when they fall short of her expectations she just drops them. When the consequences of her actions finally catch up on her and her world becomes smaller and smaller, she decides to play a role – that of a tragic heroine and kills herself with swallowing arsenic. She could not face up to the trouble that she has caused and decides to escape rather than take responsibility as she could not imagine a life of poverty and shame – although her whole life she was never wealthy and she lived a scandalous life with her known affairs. Up until then she saw her life differently – believed she had wealth, pride and breeding because that was what she wanted, but sadly these did not bring her the happiness she sought. Emma had a good life but was not able to appreciate it with her preoccupation with the things she did not have. By focusing her energies on her fantasies of wealth and romance she failed to live her life to the fullest, and for the most part it could be said that she was living in a dream and when she woke to find herself in the gravity of her real life situation, she killed herself to escape, but there was no going back to her fantasy world, and no redemption as even after her death her husband discovers her infidelity which kills him and her daughter sent off to work on a cotton mill. In her, we see the nature of man as ruled by emotions, desires and appetites, without caution or control, without compassion to others. Emma was not able to see and recognize the humanity in her, all the time she was acting out, even her motherly functions, her martyr facade. She never truly enjoyed life because she never saw anything and anyone beyond their appearances, and never learned to appreciate the little things that make life worthwhile. The theme of life and death is also examined in Leo Tolstoy’s The Death of Ivan Ilych, where he uses the characters to critique the artificial life that people live in society characterized by materialism and shallowness. Tolstoy puts forward a picture of society with striking honesty and insight: individuals do not behave as individuals but rather aspire to be like everybody else, trying to live a correct life as appropriated by norms, striving to have a comfortable life accentuated with material wealth even if their spiritual life and human relationships are dry and empty. With his narrative, Tolstoy then poses the question of what is important in life, how life should be led, and ultimately, how important life is and how people take it for granted by deluding themselves into believing they are exempt from death. Most of the characters in the story are portrayed as materialistic social climbers, who equated material wealth and position in society as determinants of success and happiness. Ivan, his wife and daughter, his supposed friends, all troubled themselves with appearances – they were preoccupied with proper decorum and attires, of looking well off, of having power over others. But these are all temporal, for these things do not really matter in the face of death. Ivan finds out that what is important is living one’s life according to one’s own vindication, not blindly following trends in society which results in a shallow, routine, meaningless life. He belatedly understood that empathy and recognizing the individual as an individual with thoughts and emotions rather than as subjects with mere faces is what mattered in life, that to live humanly is what gives life its meaning. Only Gerasim and his son are the ones in the story that have empathy and humanity in them – in Gerasim it is made obvious by his understanding that everybody, regardless of position or appearance, are all equal, with the same fate waiting for them in the end, especially when he said, â€Å"We shall all of us die, so why should I grudge a little trouble? †. The son, on the other hand, is the only one in Ivan household who showed any feelings for his dying father – he took his father’s hand and kissed it while crying. This can be taken as the boy was young; he was still innocent and not yet tainted with the demands of society. Ivan himself was dissatisfied with the boy because he behaved differently from him, his wife and daughter, but in his last days it was his son who showed him that there is a human soul in the world who regarded his life important. Also, this depiction of the innocence in childhood is mirrored in Ivan’s experiences: the only times he felt truly alive was when he was a boy, before he went to Law School. Being assimilated into society, he found that he trapped himself into a prison of standards, and lived a largely artificial life. Tolstoy showed that an artificial life is characterized by materialism and social climbing. At the beginning of the story, we find Ivan dead but his friends were chiefly concerned with the position that he will be vacating, the promotions and changes in the workplace and what they have to gain from it, all the while denying to themselves that they too will end up like Ivan sooner or later, that they will die eventually. They act as though they could live forever and concern themselves with the trivial everyday things. Even in his wake, his friends put a show of grievance because it was what was required of â€Å"friends†, but were more interested in playing bridge. They did not see the inevitability of death and suffering, of the hollowness of their lives. Peter Ivanovich, Ivan’s perceived closest friend, somehow felt disturbed and concerned, but rushed to quell these feelings because he reasoned he was alive and Ivan dead and there should be no reason to â€Å"hinder their spending the evening agreeably†. When he was still alive, Ivan himself saw how he had lived superficially in the way his doctors treated him, as though he was some subject whose sentence they hold in their hands, his life holding no real importance or meaning to the doctors. What mattered to the doctors was their perception of themselves that they feel important and significant by virtue of their occupation; that is what gave them satisfaction and purpose. Ivan himself acted the same way many times in his life – with the accused brought before him he reduced them to facts on paper and did not see them as individuals, he got married for it was expected of a man of his station and chose a bride not out of love or devotion but out of the social status it will benefit him. In the end, the story teaches that material wealth and position in society are not what matters. In the face of death, one looks back at the quality of life that he has led, and the most precious times would be the ones he felt most alive, when he was free and himself. The Death of Ivan Ilych and Madame Bovary teach us the nature of man as susceptible to fantasies of the happiness that wealth and material possessions can bring, but in reality these are more likely to corrupt us than give us real happiness. The nature of man is that of desire – desire to achieve in all aspects of life, and in this man should always apply himself to make himself a better person. However, desire for achievement is different from greed. Achievement should not only be limited to the professional and material aspects of life, but more importantly to the relationships with others. The meaning and purpose of life is not about the material achievement but how well one lived his life. Man’s nature reflects that of his society, and society that of man, as the individual is part of the whole and the whole consists of its parts. Both protagonists were deeply influenced by their time and what was regarded as important then. They have let others dictate, influence and take advantage of them, and by not taking responsibility d control over their lives they eventually found themselves in situations they did not dream of. This could have only come up to those who did not examine their actions and the kind of life they lead. Emma and Ivan believed that wealth and material things can bring happiness, but they both ended up dead – although here the stories’ protagonists differ. Whereas Emma chooses suicide to escape her suffering, Ivan comes to terms with his death and accepts it. Although Emma’s final act was of her own decision, we cannot say that she was finally taking things in her hands as before that she was always feeling hindered and trapped by her circumstances. She did not have a realization of what brought down her downfall, even in her final days she did not know what held meaning and not. Her suicide, like all her actions before, was an attempt at escaping reality, and this time she succeeded. Emma was not able to redeem herself, nor was she able to see what would make her life happy, but Ivan was changed and in his last days was able to make sense of his suffering. Tolstoy showed that no matter how sullen or materialistic a man behaved and lived, there is still hope for him to change as long as he lives. That man’s innate nature is towards living an authentic life, towards goodness, and that even if society is corrupt and superficial, pure love and humanity also exists, and it is always within us, and also in our capacity, to choose what kind of life to lead.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Analysis of Motivations for Rural Tourism

Analysis of Motivations for Rural Tourism Chapter1. Introduction Travel motives and attempted to understand what motive affect tourists travel decision making process and when. Both the leisure and tourism literature have recognised that when people are motivated, they are more likely to participate in leisure travel and encourage tourists to engage in pleasure trip. None of studies have shown meaningful way of findings on ‘what type of motives occur and ‘how tourists are influenced by motivational factors with respect to the travel decision making process. Countryside background of the researchers is also, one of the inspired to choose rural tourism. Along with the researchers holiday experience in New Forest National Park become a motivation to examine the types of visitors and reason of the visiting New Forest National Park as a rural tourism. It was necessary to find out who are the rural tourists in the park In order to study for rural tourism in the park. After that the New Forest National Park would able to find a problems, improvement or enhancement for participants as well as non participants as a rural tourism. In addition, if there is anything to learn or find out the researcher would like to adapt to home countrys rural tourism development. This study was designed to investigate the motivation of rural tourism and identify the visitors in New Forest National Park. Rural tourists were identified and profiled and then rural tourists were investigated based on motivations for participating in rural tourism. 1.1 Background of New National Forest Park The New Forest was originally Woodland, but parts were cleared for cultivation from the Stone Age and into the Bronze Age. The poor quality of the soil in the New Forest meant that the cleared areas turned into heathland waste. The New Forest was created as a royal forest by William the conqueror for the hunting of deer. As of 2005, roughly ninety percent of the New Forest is still owned by the Crown, the Crown lands have been managed by the Forest Commission since 1923. Around half of the Crown lands fall inside the new National Park. New Forest National Park is an area that remains mostly undeveloped, unspoiled and has a high scenic. The New Forest national park Authority is an independent organisation. The park is operating in a local government framework which is funded by central UK government. The New Forest National Park is the smallest national park in south coast of England and the park has become a national park since 2005. There are more than 20 members who have overall responsibility for making decisions, for setting policies and priorities and for making sure that resources are used properly and they are supported by 70 other staffs who expertise across a range of disciplines including planning, conservation, recreation, education, finance and communication. 1.2 Overview of rural tourism in UK Tourism is becoming increasingly important to the UK economy, environmental, culture. The importance of tourism to local economies varies across the UK. Some place like London has an enormous investment in the tourist industry, while others lag far behind. Nevertheless, the future of tourism is full of potential for small business. With the increases in security concerns for international travel and travel to large major areas, many rural tourist companies are moving in with their own offerings. Many of these low-risk rural areas may be able to rely on tourism as an important part of their economy. Cloke (1992) cites privatisation in the UK as a major process stimulating this form of rural production focused on rural recreation and tourism. The new political economy influencing agriculture in the EC has also facilitated farm diversification into new form of tourism accommodation and attractions. A variety of tourist opportunities exist throughout rural area in UK and tend to continue to grow as increasing numbers of local entrepreneurs identify new way to market previously untapped local resources and attractions, and bring tourists into their areas. Moreover, the nature of tourism is especially well – suited to small-scale rural enterprises such as farm inn. Many remote areas are ideal locations for nature-based activities like walking, hunting and fishing, or ecotourism activities such hiking and rafting. Travelers interested in local cultures as well as the heritage of places they visit find an added benefit in having the towns local history buff lead a tour through the battlefield. For instance, Agriculture tourism invites tourists to experience working ranches, hay rides, corn mazes, and pumpkin patches etc†¦ At a time of change and uncertainty in the countryside, when many traditional rural industries are in decline or needing to adapt to stay in business, tourism represents an opportunity to stablise and support businesses and services. In carefully introduced and managed, and appropriate in scale and activity, tourism can help revitalise declining community facilities and services to the benefit of businesses, residents and the local economy. Rural tourism represents a merging of perhaps two of the most influential yet contradictory features of modern life. Not only are the forces of economic, social, cultural, environmental and political change working to redefine rural spaces the world over, but also, broad global transformations in consumption and transportation patterns are reshaping leisure behavior and travel. For these concerned with the nature of change in rural areas and tourism development, the dynamics and impacts of integrating these two dramatic shifts are not well know but yet are becoming increasingly provocative discourses for study.   1.3 Aims of the study 1.3.1 Aims It is important note that to identify the rural tourism visitors and their motivation of the trip in order to increase the number of the visitors as well as manages the rural destination without damages.  This proposed study is comprised of three parts. The first part of the study and dissertation will identify and profile the rural tourism tourists in New Forest National Park. This will involve profiles of rural tourism participants at the destination. The next part will identify motivational factor of the visitors in New Forest National Park rural tourism. This will involve identify the reason of the rural tourism trip.  The next park will determine the factors that affect rural tourism participation decisions. This will identify determine the factors that affect rural to tourism participation decisions. The aim is broad to allow for other discussion which after reviewing the literature reviews. It will be appear relevant to the paper. 1.3.2 Objectives Three objectives are formulated for this study. Research question are also related to each objective are described. The purpose of this dissertation thus is to examine the type of travel motivations that affecting tourists decision making behaviour in rural tourism. The first of the study will identify and profile the rural tourism in New Forest National Park. Second of the study will examine the motivational factor which underlies their initial stage of travel decision. Finally, the study will investigate factors that affect tourists decision about participation in rural tourism in New Forest National Park. 1.3.3 Research questions The first of the research question is simply identified of the New Forest National Park rural tourists are? This question will identify the characteristic of the visitors such as travelling individual or family, single, male, old, young people? Do New Forest National Park tourists have a particular profile such as higher income or sex? The second research question is doing New Forest National Park rural tourists have a difference in terms of visitors motivational factor? This question will identify the any particular reasons of the rural trip in New Forest National Park. In order to answer the question the study will focus on reason of the visiting in New Forest National Park as a rural tourism. The tourists pay participation in different type of tourism such as camping, farm experience. Third question is what factors may affect to decision to participate in rural tourism in this National park. Are they participating because of seeking for particular interest? Or just want to be in rural area. This question need to identify what it the items that tourist thinks most important such as safety, transportation, scenery or distance†¦ Will be surveyed with like scale 1 to 5. Also, satisfaction of the travel will be collected. What factors affect to decisions to participate in rural tourism in New Forest National Park? What factors then affect the participation? Maybe perception of rural resources will affect the decision of whether to participate in rural tourism. 1.4 Definition of terms There are continuing common theme within the tourism literature indicating that people intend to take a rural area trip because they are motivated by variety of different forces such as escaping from daily life routine, seeking adventure, rewarding and attractive destination attributes (Cha, McCleary, and Uysal. 1995) The motivational factors are believed to play a vital role in the tourist decision making process (Crompton and Ankomah. 1993). Rural tourism includes both those who intend to staying away from home for one night or more and those out for the day in the countryside for instance, visiting attractions, walking, cycling or enjoying a whole different range of countryside activities. These people are spends money in village shops, pubs, and restaurants and in market towns. They provide a market for local produce and create and opportunities for local entrepreneurship those staying overnight will do so in hotels or inns, bed breakfast establishments or self-catering accommodation, on the farm, on caravan parks or campsites, or with friends and relatives. Those out for the day may be from within the region or from further afield, and may include those on holiday in nearby seaside resorts or on day trips out of London. They may be visiting for a specific event or to see a particular attraction. They may have a particular interest in sports, arts, museums or heritage, or seek educational outlets for their children. They may also be on business, for a meeting or small conference, or to look for commercial contracts and business opportunities. A proportion of those staying or visiting will be from overseas, including those from the near continent. The underlying dimension of motivational attributes in travel decision behaviour is worthy to note in order to understand the factors that influence travel decisions. Travel motivation might explain not only tourists initial decision of whether or not to take a trip. But also, may contribute to explaining tourists final travel decision behaviours (Fodness. 1992) 1.5 Structure of the dissertation Chapter 1 provides overview of the rural tourism and background of New Forest National Park. Also presented is a description of the research problems which is limitation of the research and study aim, objectives and research questions. Chapter 2 conducted a literature review in which discussed various aspects of rural tourism and visitors characteristic, motivation of the rural trip and visitors decision making factors. Chapter 3 describes and discusses the methods used to collect the data that was needed including the survey method and data for analysis. Chapter 4 follow on by analysis the introduction of the study and offers a range of discussion of findings. Chapter 5 completes of the study with a brief summary and se of conclusions. Limitations of the study and recommendation also discussed. The study was designed to accomplish three objectives: first identify and profile the rural tourism tourists in New Forest National Park second objective was examine the motivational factors that visitors seeking rural tourism and last objective was identify the relative travel motives decision making to reach to take a rural tourism. Chapter2. Literature reviews 2.1 Rural tourism Lane (1992) noted that a third phase in tourism is taking place – the rise of cultural tourism. In this phase rural tourism offers more jobs, a pluri-activity of work patterns, a more diversified employment structure for rural areas and a means of sustaining services, farming and forestry. Rural tourism produces pressure to enhance conservation measures, while it provides a stimulus for arts and crafts and helps sustain small communities. Keane et al.s (1992) innovative, but little-known study on rural tourism offers a number of insights into the definition of rural tourism, acknowledging that there is a variety of term used to describe tourism activity in rural areas: agri-tourism, farm tourism, rural tourism, soft tourism, alternative tourism and many others which have different meanings from one country to another. Keane also points out that it is difficult to avoid some of this confusion in relation to labels and definitions because the term ‘rural tourism has been adapted by the European Community to refer to the entire tourism activity in a rural area (Deane et al. 1992) http://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=kolr=id=Axc_zw_AO0QCoi=fndpg=PR8dq=what+is+rural+tourismots=rpw1C_DgA9sig=VMW2zUvYT828-jykKDpgnLZ742Y#v=onepageq=f=false To a certain extent, undifferentiated or mass tourism exists in rural areas, but this phenomenon is usually manifested in large scale developments and at some point cases to be ‘rural in nature ; mass and rural tourism are essentially incompatible and development of the former lessen the availability of the latter. Although it would be logical to assume that everyone is a potential rural tourist at some time. The range of rural tourism products and experiences is too great for generalisations. What matters, therefore is gaining knowledge of the existing and potential rural tourists motives, preferences and behaviour regarding the various niche markets that exist; specifically, who can be attracted to a given rural tourism product? This is research task complicated by the fact that many domestic and international visitors experience urban, rural and resort attractions on the same trip.(Stephen page Donald Getz 1997) Lane (1994) recommended research into price sensitivity, the importance of particular types of land-scape, heritage and interpretive facilities, and on demand for certain types of accommodation. Better understanding of perceptions, motivators and consumption patterns (such as repeat visit) is also important. Rural tourism development attracted increasing interest in the 1990s and a growing literature has contributed to our understanding of it as an evolving phenomenon. According to long and lane (2000), rural tourism has moved into its second phase of development, its first having been characterised by growth in participation, product and business development, and partnership. Its second is predicted to be more complex, and is likely to be, given the questions that remain regarding its place in policy, its integration in practice. What is rural? There is no one commonly accepted definition for ‘rural (Willits Beatler, Timbers, 1990). In Websters dictionary, ‘rural is defined as â€Å"rural is defined as â€Å"of or pertaining of the country, as distinguished from a city or town; living in the country; and farming/agricultural (Websters Revised Unabridged Dictionary.1998). ‘Rural applies to sparsely settled or agricultural country. The definition of ‘rural in the Korean dictionary is â€Å"a village or area where people make a living by farming, including raising stock, sericulture, horticulture, forestry, and fruit-growing (Yahoo Korea Dictionary, 2004) Lane (1994) suggests that ‘rural tourism exists as a concept, and reflects the differing and complex pattern of rural environment, economy, history and location. ‘Rural tourism is directly related to the particular characteristics of rural area, and it is assumed that the principal motivation for visiting the countryside is to experience its reality. This motivation justifies the definition of ‘rural tourism as an identifiable type of tourism, with rural tourism being an end onto itself – to experience the countryside. Lane (1994) discusses the historical continuity in the development of rural tourism and examines some of the key issues which combine to make rural tourism distinctive. Bramwell (1994:3) suggests that, despite the problems of defining the concept of ‘rural, ‘it may be a mistake to deny our commonsense thoughts that rural areas can have distinctive characteristics or the countryside. The views and perceptions people hold of the countryside are different from those they have of urban areas, which is an important starting point for establishing the distinctiveness of rural tourism. Lane (1994) actually lists the subtle differences between urban and rural tourism, in which individual social representations of the countryside are critical component of the ways in which people interact with rural areas. In fact Squires (1993) acknowledges that both social representations and personal images of the countryside condition whether people wish to visit rural areas for tourism, and what they see and do during their visit Lane (1994) also highlights the impact of change in rural tourism since the 1970s, with far greater numbers of recreationalists and tourists now visiting rural areas. As Patmores (1983) seminal study on recreation and leisure acknowledges, the impact of car ownership has led to a geographical dispersion of recreationalists and tourists beyond existing fixed modes of transport. Consequently, tourism has moved away from a traditional emphasis on resorts, small towns and villages to become truly rural, with all but the most inaccessible wilderness areas awaiting the impact of the more mobile tourist. Despite this strong growth in the demand for rural tourism Land(1994) acknowledges the absence of any systematic sources of data on rural tourism, since neither the world Considering the demand and supply of rural tourism, it can be defined more specifically; Demand-side rural tourism is based on the nature of the visitor and is defined as â€Å"a visit by a person to any place other than his or her usual work or home environment and that is outside a Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (Greffe,1994,p23). On the other hand, supply-side rural tourism is more focused on a visitors place of stay. Rural tourism is also associated with a particular from of accommodation that offers tourism opportunities to participate in farm-related activities, such as vegetable gardening or caring for farm animals. ‘Agricultural tourism is specified by the act of visiting a working farm or any agricultural horticultural or agribusiness operation for the purpose of enjoyment, education, or active involvement in the activities of the farm or operation (Lobo, 2001; Buck, 2004). It includes taking part in a board range of farm-based activities, including farmers markets, petting farms, roadside stands, and ‘pick-your-own operations; engaging in overnight farm or ranch stays and other farm visits; and visiting agriculture-related festivals, museums, and other such attractions. Agricultural tourism operations provide a bridge between urban and rural dwellers. Agricultural tourism, or agri-tourism, is one alternative for improving the incomes and potential economic viability of small farms and rural communities. Farm to tourism is defined as a subset of rural tourism and is in many ways an incarnations of the traits typical to rural enterprises; small-scale, with local roots, and anchored in local traditions. It also seems to be the oldest form of rural tourism (Nilsson, 2002). The concept of rural tourism has evolved substantially in recent years. One aspect of the change is reflected in the vocabulary used to describe various types of rural tourism activities. For instance, some studies refer to outdoor-based tourism as ‘ecotourism, while other publications use the term ‘nature based tourism or ‘green tourism (Stancliffe, 1992). Although these two terms are not technically synonymous; the term ‘ecotourism suggests activities that promote conservation of nature, while nature based tourism is evocative of a broader spectrum of outdoor based recreation including hunting, fishing, camping, and the use of recreational vehicles. These new terms reflect new perspectives in the tourism industry. Green tourism – although in some countries the term ‘ green tourism refers specifically to tourism in the countryside(i.e. tourism in green areas), it is more commonly used to describe forms of tourism that are considered to be more environmentally friendly than traditional, mass tourism. Variously called ‘alternative, responsible, soft, good'(Wood and House 1991) or ‘new (Poon 1993) tourism, green tourism is an approach to tourism development which seeks to develop a symbiotic relationship(Budowski 1976) with the physical and social environment on which it depends. In other words, increasing concern about the harmful effects of mass tourism has led to calls for more sustainable forms of tourism development such as approach is, of course, of particular relevance to rural tourism given the environmental fragility of many rural areas. Heritage tourism is also often included within the scope of rural tourism and refers to leisure travel that has as its primary purpose the experiencing of places and activities that represent the past. The principal concerns of heritage tourism are historical authenticity and the long term sustainability of attractions (Gartner 2004) Ecotourism is a form of tourism development which ‘offers unique opportunities for integrating rural development, tourism, resource management, and protected area management in many sites around the world (Hvenegaard 1994). More specifically, it is a form of nature tourism which actively promotes environmental conservation, is directly beneficial to local societies and cultures, and which provides tourists with a positive, educative experience. It is, in effect, a form of alternative, sustainable tourism (Cater and Lowman 1994: 3), but one which, implicitly, depends on a rural environment. Hence, ecotourism is a subset of rural tourism, but not all rural tourism is necessarily ecotourism. When studying rural tourism, it is essential to first define exactly what is involved in rural tourism, because a lack of clarity in terms of definition can influence data collection, resulting in partial information on rural tourism with regard to both scope and scale (SharpleyRoberts, 2004) The roots of rural tourism are very similar throughout the world, no matter when it comes into practice (Fleischer Pizam, 1997). In the early days, rural tourism was developed and encouraged primarily for the purpose of revitalization and diversification of rural areas. A decline in the ability of farming and related agricultural support businesses limited the ability of farmers and rural residents to generate sufficient income causing many farmers to seek new sources of income and to diversify their farms. Also, a systematic and substantial decrease in the rural populations, the aging of these populations, now characterizes many rural areas (Fleischer Pizam, 1997; Ribeiro Marques, 2002) Tourism has long been suggested as a strategy of revitalizing rural economies. rural tourism can add income to farms and other households, provides job alternatives, diversifies the rural economy, and makes the provision of certain infrastructure possible(Oppermann,1996). Therefore, many rural communities turned to tourism to stimulate new economic development (Blaine, Mohammad, Var, 1993) Lane (1994) offers some tourism market trends that will accelerate the growth of rural tourism in the future. He points to growing interest in rural life, including heritage and tradition, an increasing health consciousness giving a positive appeal to rural lifestyles and values, market interest in high performance outdoor equipment, search for solitude and relaxation in a quiet natural place, and an aging but active population retiring earlier but living and travelling far into old age. As increasing attention has been paid to rural tourism as a specific form of tourism development, so too has the scope of research into tourism in rural areas become more diverse. Rural tourism is not new however; interest in rural tourism has increased rapidly during the past several years. The recent surge in rural tourism has come from the demand-side, due in part to increased disposable incomes improved lifestyles, increased health awareness, a mature travel market, changing tastes and preferences, and increases in automobile and weekend travel (Hill, 193; Alexander Mckenna, 1998) Opportunities for rural tourism development include general tourism growth, increased family vacationing, environmental interest, the recent dispersion of travel through growing auto travel, a mature travel market, changing tastes and preferences, urbanization, and growing weekend travel. On the other hand, there are also obstacles to rural tourism development, which include weak drawing power, dispersion of attractions and services, meagre secondary economic impacts, internal community conflicts, and destination life cycle. Hill (1993) made several suggestions for capitalizing on rural tourism opportunities and overcoming various obstacles. The major challenges he identifies are developing attractions, encouraging entrepreneurship, informing markets, reacting to changing tastes, providing quality service and preserving attractions and attractiveness. It is important to stress that a number of different tourism products or types of tourism development fall under the heading of rural tourism. However, they do not necessarily equate with it. For example, farm tourism refer to ‘all forms of tourism that are directly connected with a farm (Jansen-Verbeke and Nijmegen 1990) and includes staying on a farm, either in rooms or camping, educational visits, meals, recreational activities, and the sales of farm produce or handicrafts. Tourism has been considered as a vehicle for economic regeneration and employment creation in the UK, too. A number of local authorities have sought to capture the potential economic benefits afforded by tourism and a number of studies have investigated the ways to maximize the benefits. Thomas and Long (2001) presented the development of employee skills as a key issue for effective tourism development. They examined the link between employee skills development and the contribution of tourism to regeneration in rural areas. Wilson et al (2001) addressed the importance of the community context and rural tourism â€Å"entrepreneurs role in tourism development and promotion in rural areas. According to Wilson, the ten most important conditions for successful tourism development in rural areas include a complete tourism package, good community leadership, support and participation of local government, sufficient funds for tourism development, strategic planning, coordination and cooperation between rural tourism entrepreneurs, information and technical assistance for tourism development and promotions, good convention and visitors bureaus, and widespread community support for tourism. Cooperation of all elements of the industry and the community has also been emphasized by Hunt (1992). Additionally, he has suggests a broad-based program that details development, marketing and management as a strategy for successful development of rural tourism. Tourism has been considered as a vehicle for economic regeneration and employment creation in the UK, too. A number of local authorities have sought to capture the potential economic benefits afforded by tourism and a number of studies have investigated the ways to maximize the benefits. Thomas and Long (2001) presented the development of employee skills as a key issue for effective tourism development. They examined the link between employee skills development and the contribution of tourism to regeneration in rural areas. Oppermann (1996) found a surprising fact in a study of farm based tourism in southern Germany: operators thought a ‘calm relaxing environment was the chief motivator of tourists, but to visitors the actual farm environment was only a backdrop. And although the environmental wisdom in Germany is that rural tourists are mostly middle-aged couples with children Oppermann(1995) found a bimodal distribution defined by couples and groups of four. Families were much more likely to stay on farms. Identifying and segmenting the rural tourism market is probably the lease researched and understood process in the rural tourism system. There are few studies that focus on the rural tourist, although one could assemble market facts from diverse sources and aggregate them into a comprehensive rural tourism market evaluation. 2.2 Rural tourism issues However, rural tourism development may not always be the best strategy for solving rural problems. The successful development of rural tourism depends upon planning and the existence of infrastructure, attractions, essential services, management, maintenance, and an accessible market. In the absence of any one of these elements, a rural region may find that tourism is not a cost-effective option, or that other development tools, such as investment in infrastructure and education, must precede the development of rural tourist attraction and services ( Edgell Carwright, 1990). Only when proper conditions prevail, can tourism be a contributor to rural economic development in the areas. Sandell argue about the tourism access issues. Rural tourism is, simply, about people. It is about tourists who visit and enjoy the countryside and who, in order to do so, must be able to travel to and within rural areas. In other words, for rural tourism to exist and, by implication, for it to benefit local communities, people must have access to the countryside. As tourism is increasingly developed in rural areas and as the demand for rural tourism grows, so too will there be a greater need other demands on the countryside but also with the longer term protection or conservation of the rural resources. As more tourists demand access and as rural planners and managers, eager to jump on the rural tourism industry, should be limited to Swedish citizens as a result of concern over the misuse of theses rights by overseas tourists (Sandell 1995) Ray Williams discussed problems as the division and opposition of city country, industry and agriculture, in their modern forms, are the critical culmination of the division and specialisation of about which, though it did not begin with capitalism, was developed under it to an extraordinary and transforming degree. Other forms of the same fundamental division are the separation between mental and manual labour, between administration and operation, between politics and social life. The symptoms of this division can be found at every point in what is now our common life; in the idea and practice of social classes; in conventional definitions of work, the year, the lifetime. Much of the creative thinking of our time is an attempt to re-examine each of these concepts and practices. It is based on the conviction that the system which generates and is composed by them is intolerable and will not survive. On new forms of decision-making, new kinds of education, new definitions and practic es of work, new kinds of settlement and land-use (William, 1975) Williams (1984) also argue that traditional forms of rural planning were related to development control by designating landscap

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Essay --

Humans have known how to use the color from plant, animal and mineral around them and utilized in everyday since antiquity. We can see image on the walls caves, they known how to use to decorate container or jewelry body of tribes various. When human prosperous, they known how to use apparel and can use color from natural tinted or decorate for beauty increase Colors derived from plants such as blue from indigo. Red from Sappan core or orange color from annatto seed, color from animals such as red color from lac. Which is still used today (hongthongdang and Srimakajorn, 2006). The popularity on natural dyes are decreased when they have the chemical synthesis because of the chemicals dyes is easy to use, convenient, highly stable, The quantity and type of colors more sufficient for increasing demand in the production of industrial. but at present we found that the chemical dyes some kinds have carcinogen that harmful to affect the dyer, user and environment. Until some countries discourage fabrics dyed with chemical colors and they will popularity turn to natural colors increase. Most farmers like to dye silk from chemical color or synthesis because the color is fresh color, cheap, convenient and fast and decolorization Dyeing silk a very important role because it can add beauty to silk to use more. at the present, consumers have begun to focus on the use of natural materials is the factors in living. Including silk's consumer both Thailand and overseas is turn to like using fabric dye from natural more. Because the color from natural a light color more than chemical color and does not cause irritation to the skin. It also using a local diversity materials are useful and do not cause pollution to the environment. However, farmer... ...% to 5.5%. The feature extraction process does not properties the loss of natural dye type. However normally usually powder color to be dispersed. The user may be inhaled into the body and the resulting harm. So to keep the dye color is used to compress the powder into a pigment. Which can be easily used. Not be dispersed. Storage facilities just keep in opaque plastic bags or amber bottles in this way, it is keep materials of natural scarce is used to dye natural color all year round In this research, we have make developed a powder colors of natural materials has a variety of colors, consistency of color and stable decolorizing. Farmers can use throughout the year, convenient and simple. To replace the use of chemical colors or synthetic dyes. Reduced the purchases of foreign coloring, added value of the product, unique of silk and respond requirement of consumers

Friday, July 19, 2019

Rake’s Progress: Bedlam in Bethlam Essay -- British History, Mental He

Rake’s Progress: Bedlam in Bethlam The human brain is a vast, unexplainable, and unpredictable organ. This is the way that many modern physicians view the mind. Imagine what physicians three hundred years ago understood about the way their patients thought. The treatment of the mentally ill in the eighteenth century was appalling. The understanding of mental illness was very small, but the animalistic treatment of patients was disgusting. William Hogarth depicts Bethlam, the largest mental illness hospital in Britain, in his 1733 painting The Madhouse1. The public’s view of mental illness was very poor and many people underestimated how mentally ill some patients were. The public and the doctors’ view on insanity was changing constantly, making it difficult to treat those who were hospitalized2. â€Å"Madhouses† became a dumping ground for people in society that could not be handled by the criminal justice system. People who refused to work, single mothers, and children who refused to follow orde rs were being sent to mental illness hospitals3. A lack of understanding was the main reason for the ineptness of the health system to deal with the mentally ill, but the treatment of the patients was cruel and inhumane. The British’s handling of mentally ill patients was in disarray. The knowledge of mental illness was very small. Doctors did not understand how to diagnosis or treat mental disorders. They did not understand how the brain functioned and what to expect from people in certain situations. Many symptoms of physical illness today were considered mental illness in the eighteenth century. The constant shaking due to Parkinson’s disease was misinterpreted as a mental condition and treated as such4. These patients were placed into... ...glish Madness. 55. 18. Scull, â€Å"Moral Treatment Reconsidered.† 107. 19. Scull, â€Å"Psychiatry in the Victorian Era.† 11. 20. Scull, â€Å"Psychiatry in the Victorian Era.† 11. 21. Scull, â€Å"Psychiatry in the Victorian Era.† 14. Bibliography Hogarth, William. The Madhouse. 1733. Scull, Andrew. â€Å"Moral Treatment Reconsidered: Some Sociological Comments on an Episode in the History of British Psychiatry.† In Madhouses, Mad-doctors and Madmen, edited by Andrew Scull. 105-121. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1981). Scull, Andrew. â€Å"The Social History of Psychiatry in the Victorian Era.† In Madhouses, Mad-doctors and Madmen, edited by Andrew Scull, 5-35. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1981. Skultans, Vieda. English Madness: Ideas on Insanity 1580-1890. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. 1979. Rake’s Progress: Bedlam in Bethlam Essay -- British History, Mental He Rake’s Progress: Bedlam in Bethlam The human brain is a vast, unexplainable, and unpredictable organ. This is the way that many modern physicians view the mind. Imagine what physicians three hundred years ago understood about the way their patients thought. The treatment of the mentally ill in the eighteenth century was appalling. The understanding of mental illness was very small, but the animalistic treatment of patients was disgusting. William Hogarth depicts Bethlam, the largest mental illness hospital in Britain, in his 1733 painting The Madhouse1. The public’s view of mental illness was very poor and many people underestimated how mentally ill some patients were. The public and the doctors’ view on insanity was changing constantly, making it difficult to treat those who were hospitalized2. â€Å"Madhouses† became a dumping ground for people in society that could not be handled by the criminal justice system. People who refused to work, single mothers, and children who refused to follow orde rs were being sent to mental illness hospitals3. A lack of understanding was the main reason for the ineptness of the health system to deal with the mentally ill, but the treatment of the patients was cruel and inhumane. The British’s handling of mentally ill patients was in disarray. The knowledge of mental illness was very small. Doctors did not understand how to diagnosis or treat mental disorders. They did not understand how the brain functioned and what to expect from people in certain situations. Many symptoms of physical illness today were considered mental illness in the eighteenth century. The constant shaking due to Parkinson’s disease was misinterpreted as a mental condition and treated as such4. These patients were placed into... ...glish Madness. 55. 18. Scull, â€Å"Moral Treatment Reconsidered.† 107. 19. Scull, â€Å"Psychiatry in the Victorian Era.† 11. 20. Scull, â€Å"Psychiatry in the Victorian Era.† 11. 21. Scull, â€Å"Psychiatry in the Victorian Era.† 14. Bibliography Hogarth, William. The Madhouse. 1733. Scull, Andrew. â€Å"Moral Treatment Reconsidered: Some Sociological Comments on an Episode in the History of British Psychiatry.† In Madhouses, Mad-doctors and Madmen, edited by Andrew Scull. 105-121. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1981). Scull, Andrew. â€Å"The Social History of Psychiatry in the Victorian Era.† In Madhouses, Mad-doctors and Madmen, edited by Andrew Scull, 5-35. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1981. Skultans, Vieda. English Madness: Ideas on Insanity 1580-1890. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. 1979.

Illusions in Tennessee Williams A Streetcar Named Desire :: Streetcar Named Desire

Illusions in A Streetcar Named Desire In Tennessee Williams' play, A Streetcar Named Desire, there are many examples where the characters are using illusions in an attempt to escape reality. The best example is found by looking to the main character. Blanche Dubois was a troubled woman who throughout the play lives her life in illusions. The story begins with Blanche going to New Orleans to stay with her sister Stella, and her husband Stanley for a while. Here, the illusions are revealed and the battle between the illusions and the characters will begin. What initially leads to her illusions is love. When she was young, "sixteen, I made the discovery - love. All at once and much, much too completely" (1368). She met Allan Grey, the perfect man - he had "a nervousness, a softness and tenderness which wasn't like a man's, although he wasn't the least bit effeminate" (1368). However, as we are eventually are shown, this illusion wouldn't last forever. The young couple got married and, to Blanche, were falling more and more in love, when one day "coming into a room that I thought was empty" (1368), this illusion would be shattered. In this room were her husband, Allan, and a older male friend of his. Allan Grey was gay. Soon, Blanche realised that all along he had been trying to let her know and get "the help he needed but couldn't speak of! He was in the quicksands and clutching at me - but I wasn't holding him out, I was slipping in with him!" (1368). She was falling farther into the illusion with each passing second with her love, because she couldn't really believe that he was with her and was for real. Allan was in fact an illusion himself, by trying to appear straight to everyone. At first, they would try to deny it but the illusion would soon be totally destroyed when Blanche let it slip while they were dancing that "I saw! I know! You disgust me..." (1369). With this, Allan runs outside and kills himself. I believe that Allan killed himself more so because he realised Blanche would no longer help him than because she knew. He believed that if there was anyone who would help him make it through this whole ordeal, it would be Blanche. Because of all this, Blanche fell into another illusion. She figured that if she were loved again, the way Allan and her were meant to be, then she could be happy again. So, "after the death of Allan - intimacies with strangers was all I seemed able to fill my empty heart

Thursday, July 18, 2019

News Channels Essay

With India’s growing importance in international strategic and economic thinking, news about the country is becoming more critical to the world. India alone accounts for over a billion of South Asia’s 1.3 billion people. The sheer mass creates news. Changes in the global balance of power, India’s economic rise, and South Asia’s continuing political and social ferment, are attracting worldwide attention. In addition, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, and the Maldives are on the global radar for their political developments, social upheavals, festering insurgencies, military actions and environmental challenges. Why IANS? The Indo-Asian News Service (IANS) was established in 1986, initially to serve as an information bridge between India and its thriving diaspora in North America. Today it is a full-fledged, 24 by 7 agencies putting out the real-time news from India, South Asia and news of interest to this region around the world. IANS serves several hundred outlets across the entire media spectrum, in India and around the world. It performs a whole range of other information services as well. Experienced media professionals drive the New Delhi-based group. IANS is divided into six Strategic Business Units (SBUs): IANS English, IANS Hindi, IANS Publishing, IANS Business Consultancy, IANS Solutions, and IANS Mobile. A distinguished professional with strong domain expertise heads each. Its client list includes a range of print publications, television news channels, websites, ethnic publications abroad, government ministries, foreign missions, private sector players, and multilateral institutions. The explosive growth of the Indian media sector, especially audio-visual and new media, augurs well for reliable, independent and professional news  wholesalers like IANS. News Service The News Service, in both English and Hindi, forms the heart of the IANS operation. It presents objective, user-friendly news with a global perspective. This makes it the preferred, content provider and knowledge resource on India, Indians and South Asia. IANS breaks through often cliched and stereotyped reporting about this part of the world. Its talented team of journalists and contributors – some of the best in India – produces a steady output of diverse, well-researched news and backgrounders, features, interviews, analyses and commentaries. Subjects span politics, foreign policy, strategic affairs, corporate affairs, science, and health. Aviation, energy, technology, environment, the arts, literature, entertainment, social trends, human interest, religion and sports are also extensively covered. Given collaborations with several international news organizations, IANS is often used by media as a one-stop source of all news – both domestic and international. Industry, media circles and government departments depend on it. Officials use it for policy publicity and public diplomacy. It is also a content source for our other SBUs. In short, it is capable of meeting almost all information needs. (Website: www.ians.in) IANS Publishing IANS Publishing represents mature capabilities with top-end editorial, domain and delivery skills. It provides clients high quality, effective communications products at optimum cost. Publishing has been a key driver of IANS’ growth. Its strengths are: Editorial functions; Content management, including revision tracking and error elimination; Product creation, page making, design and production; Translation services; Products for Internet and new media. IANS Publishing has harnessed the latest communication and transmission technology to produce entire outsourced newspapers, periodicals and magazines. Clients are in the US, Canada, Britain and the Gulf, besides India. Publications are in English, Indian and foreign languages. (See www.ianspublishing.com) IANS Media Consultancy IANS provides comprehensive and integrated brand and media strategies for corporates and major institutions. Under this IANS undertakes to enhance public profiles of clients through a variety of activities. These include increased publicity of their activities and achievements through professionally written media releases; public relations activities; high-quality house journals and publications on a turnkey basis; and corporate brand identity manuals for easy identification and retention. IANS also creates or revamps websites and updates and maintains them. It is also in a position to write regular summaries/specialized papers on subjects of interest to clients that require high level contacts in industry and government. IANS Solutions IANS Solutions provides all the answers for developing an Internet strategy. It blends design, technology and marketing expertise to create a Web presence delivering outstanding results. Talented website designers collaborate with our technology group to create personalized, graphically superior, functionally sound websites. IANS Mobile IANS was one of the first news agencies to harness cellular technology to launch Content2Mobile operations on both the news and information fronts. This service is available in English and Hindi. IANS Language Services In 1995 IANS started a Hindi Service. Today it virtually operates around the clock, providing quality content in India’s most-understood language. Its subscriber base encompasses all leading Hindi newspapers, websites and other news outlets. In 1998 IANS broke new ground with the launch of an Arabic Service for the  Arab world. Its website – www.alhindelyom.com – helps bridge the information gap with an important region hosting a large Indian and South Asian population. IANS Corporate IANS is the brand name of IANS India Pvt. Ltd., an independent and integrated media company with no affiliation with any major business house, political or ideological group. The media group is driven by professionals with long years of experience and with a collective vision of carving a niche in quality of content and product in a media scenario that is getting increasingly crowded with new names entering the print, electronic and Web space. In many ways, IANS is a trailblazer in the work it is doing. The key people driving IANS are: Tarun Basu is the Chief Editor and Director of the Indo-Asian News Service (IANS), India’s only private and independent news agency and content provider on multimedia platforms. Basu is one of the founders of IANS. He formed the nucleus of IANS when he left a lucrative job as India correspondent of DPA, the German Press Agency, in the late eighties to set up the bureau for the well known India Abroad newspaper in New York – the first multiedition ethnic Indian newspaper in North America. That was the first attempt to begin a two-way information flow between India and the growing and influential Indian diaspora in North America. The seed sown at that time blossomed into the India Abroad News Service which, in a subsequent incarnation that gave it a pan-South Asian dimension, became Indo-Asian News Service, the present day IANS – the premier news service covering India, Indians and South Asia and events of interest to India and the 27 million Indian diaspora spread all over the world. Basu’s aim has been to make IANS an internationally known and respected news and content supplier on both traditional and new media platforms, an information resource on India and South Asia and things of interest to India and Indians worldwide. Today, IANS is more than just a news agency – its a publishing outsource, a multimedia content provider with auxiliary services catering to  growth sectors like education and entertainment, besides being a communication consultant to institutions and companies. Basu has travelled all over the world and has been a regular invitee on the Indian prime minister’s and president’s media delegations in visits to other countries for the past 15 years. He has covered major news developments and international events involving India and South Asia. He has been a special invitee to the World News Agency Summit in Spain, the World Media Summit in China, the Beijing Olympic Games and the World Cup Football in South Africa. Basu also founded the International Media Institute of India, a multimedia training school that conducts media literacy and communication workshops for educational, research and other institutions. K.P.K. Kutty, Director and Chief Mentor, is former chief editor and chief executive of UNI and has been in the profession for 42 years. He has been involved in production of TV news programmes and documentaries too. Shibi Alex Chandy, Director is also Group Editor in charge of its contract publishing division. He has worked with several leading newspapers, television stations and magazines. Arvind Padmanabhan, Group Business Editor, has over 13 years of experience in journalism, covering virtually all media streams – news agency, newspaper, magazine, radio, television and the internet. M.R. Narayan Swamy, Chief News Editor, has been a journalist since 1978, starting with UNI. He was with AFP for 13 years, writing on Indian politics and Sri Lankan affairs. He joined IANS in April 2001. P.S. Mitra, Technology Head, is the man who keeps IANS’ extensive network ticking over. He also oversees IANS Solutions, the company’s web Solutions division.